Jeremiah 3:11

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י צִדְּקָ֥ה נַפְשָׁ֖הּ מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִבֹּגֵדָ֖ה יְהוּדָֽה׃

And YHWH said to me, “Backsliding Yisraʾel has shown herself more righteous than treacherous Yehuda.”

Morphology

1. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And He said”; Notes: Introduces YHWH’s speech to the prophet.
2. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal name of Israel’s God.
3. אֵלַ֔י (elai) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Direction of speech to the prophet.
4. צִדְּקָ֥ה (tsidkah) – Root: צדק (tsadaq); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “she has shown herself righteous”; Notes: Comparative moral judgment.
5. נַפְשָׁ֖הּ (nafshah) – Root: נפשׁ (nefesh); Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “herself”; Notes: The subject of the verb “has been righteous.”
6. מְשֻׁבָ֣ה (meshubah) – Root: שׁוב (shuv); Form: Noun feminine singular (used as a title); Translation: “backsliding”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom, Yisraʾel.
7. יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the ten tribes of the northern kingdom.
8. מִבֹּגֵדָ֖ה (mi-vogedah) – Root: בגד (bagad); Form: Preposition + Qal active participle feminine singular; Translation: “than treacherous”; Notes: Comparative phrase indicating contrast.
9. יְהוּדָֽה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה (Yehudah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom, judged more guilty.