שְׂאִֽי־עֵינַ֨יִךְ עַל־שְׁפָיִ֜ם וּרְאִ֗י אֵיפֹה֙ לֹ֣א שֶׂגלת עַל־דְּרָכִים֙ יָשַׁ֣בְתְּ לָהֶ֔ם כַּעֲרָבִ֖י בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַתַּחֲנִ֣יפִי אֶ֔רֶץ בִּזְנוּתַ֖יִךְ וּבְרָעָתֵֽךְ׃
Lift up your eyes to the bare heights and see; where have you not been violated? On the roads you sat for them like an Aravi in the wilderness, and you defiled the land with your whorings and with your evil.
Morphology
- שְׂאִֽי (seʾi) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Qal imperative feminine singular; Translation: “Lift up”; Notes: Addressing feminine singular, commanding an upward gaze.
- עֵינַ֨יִךְ (ʿeinayikh) – Root: עין (ʿayin); Form: Dual noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your eyes”; Notes: Dual form indicates both eyes; suffix denotes female addressee.
- עַל־שְׁפָיִ֜ם (ʿal-shefayim) – Root: שׁפה (shafah); Form: Preposition עַל + plural noun masculine; Translation: “to the bare heights”; Notes: Likely refers to elevated places often associated with idolatry.
- וּרְאִ֗י (u-reʾi) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal imperative feminine singular with prefixed conjunction; Translation: “and see”; Notes: Continues the imperative tone toward the female subject.
- אֵיפֹה (ʾeifo) – Root: איפה (ʾeifo); Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “where”; Notes: Introduces the rhetorical question.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the subsequent verb.
- שֶׂגלת (shegalt) – Root: שׁגל (shagal); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you were ravished”; Notes: Likely a euphemism for sexual defilement; feminine suffix fits the context.
- עַל־דְּרָכִים (ʿal-derakhim) – Root: דרך (derekh); Form: Preposition + plural masculine noun; Translation: “on the roads”; Notes: Depicts a public place of encounter.
- יָשַׁ֣בְתְּ (yashavt) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you sat”; Notes: Indicates deliberate positioning or waiting.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural pronoun; Translation: “for them”; Notes: Points to the addressees of the seductive act.
- כַּעֲרָבִי (ka-ʿaravi) – Root: ערב (ʿarav); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun with adjectival form; Translation: “like an Arab”; Notes: A desert dweller, perhaps connoting ambush or waiting.
- בַּמִּדְבָּר (ba-midbar) – Root: מדבר (midbar); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the wilderness”; Notes: Suggests isolation or wildness.
- וַתַּחֲנִיפִי (va-taḥanifi) – Root: חנף (ḥanaf); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and you defiled”; Notes: Hifil denotes causation—active defilement by the subject.
- אֶרֶץ (ʾerets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “land”; Notes: The object being defiled.
- בִּזְנוּתַיִךְ (bi-z’nutayikh) – Root: זנה (zanah); Form: Preposition בְּ + plural abstract noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “with your whorings”; Notes: Refers to repeated acts of spiritual or physical unfaithfulness.
- וּבְרָעָתֵךְ (u-virʿateikh) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Conjunction + preposition + abstract noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and with your evil”; Notes: Concludes the accusation with a moral judgment.