הִנְנִ֨י מְצַוֶּ֜ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וַהֲשִׁ֨בֹתִ֜ים אֶל־הָעִ֤יר הַזֹּאת֙ וְנִלְחֲמ֣וּ עָלֶ֔יהָ וּלְכָד֖וּהָ וּשְׂרָפֻ֣הָ בָאֵ֑שׁ וְאֶת־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה אֶתֵּ֥ן שְׁמָמָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יֹשֵֽׁב׃ פ
Behold, I am commanding,’ declares YHWH, ‘and I will bring them back against this city, and they will fight against it and take it and burn it with fire, and the cities of Yehuda I will make a desolation without inhabitant.’”
Morphology
- הִנְנִ֨י (hinēnī) – Root: נ־ת־ן; Form: particle + 1cs pronoun suffix; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: Emphatic introduction of divine speech.
- מְצַוֶּ֜ה (metsavveh) – Root: צ־ו־ה; Form: Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “am commanding”; Notes: Indicates continuous or imminent action.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נ־א־ם; Form: noun construct + divine name; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: Formulaic prophetic declaration.
- וַהֲשִׁ֨בֹתִ֜ים (vahašīvotīm) – Root: שׁ־ו־ב; Form: Hiphil waw-consecutive perfect 1cs + 3mp suffix; Translation: “and I will bring them back”; Notes: Hiphil causative of returning; refers to enemy forces.
- אֶל־הָעִ֤יר (el-hāʿīr) – Root: ע־י־ר; Form: preposition + definite noun; Translation: “against the city”; Notes: Refers to Yerushalayim.
- הַזֹּאת֙ (hazōt) – Root: demonstrative; Form: feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies “city.”
- וְנִלְחֲמ֣וּ (venilḥamū) – Root: ל־ח־ם; Form: Nifal waw-consecutive perfect 3mp; Translation: “and they will fight”; Notes: Reflexive/reciprocal sense: engage in battle.
- עָלֶ֔יהָ (ʿāleihā) – Root: ע־ל־ה; Form: preposition + 3fs suffix; Translation: “against it”; Notes: Refers to the city.
- וּלְכָד֖וּהָ (ulkhādūhā) – Root: ל־כ־ד; Form: Qal waw-consecutive perfect 3mp + 3fs suffix; Translation: “and they will take it”; Notes: Refers to conquest of the city.
- וּשְׂרָפֻ֣הָ (usərāfuhā) – Root: שׂ־ר־ף; Form: Qal waw-consecutive perfect 3mp + 3fs suffix; Translation: “and they will burn it”; Notes: Refers to burning Yerushalayim.
- בָאֵ֑שׁ (bāʾēsh) – Root: א־שׁ; Form: preposition + noun; Translation: “with fire”; Notes: Instrumental use of ב־.
- וְאֶת־עָרֵ֧י (veʾet-ʿārē) – Root: ע־י־ר; Form: plural construct with direct object marker; Translation: “and the cities of”; Notes: Transition to broader destruction.
- יְהוּדָ֛ה (Yehūdāh) – Root: proper noun; Form: absolute noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Construct with previous word.
- אֶתֵּ֥ן (ettēn) – Root: נ־ת־ן; Form: Qal imperfect 1cs; Translation: “I will make / give”; Notes: New clause; YHWH is still speaker.
- שְׁמָמָ֖ה (shəmāmāh) – Root: שׁ־מ־ם; Form: noun feminine singular; Translation: “desolation”; Notes: Common judgment term.
- מֵאֵ֥ין (mēʾēn) – Root: א־י־ן; Form: preposition + negative existential; Translation: “without”; Notes: Expresses absence of someone/something.
- יֹשֵֽׁב (yōshēv) – Root: י־שׁ־ב; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “inhabitant”; Notes: Describes ongoing state of habitation.