כֹּ֣ה תֹּאמַ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־בָּנִ֨יתִי֙ אֲנִ֣י הֹרֵ֔ס וְאֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־נָטַ֖עְתִּי אֲנִ֣י נֹתֵ֑שׁ וְאֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֖רֶץ הִֽיא׃
Thus you shall say to him: ‘Thus said YHWH, “Behold, what I have built, I am tearing down, and what I have planted, I am uprooting, even all the land it is.
Morphology
- כֹּ֣ה (koh) – Root: כה; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introductory formula for prophetic speech.
- תֹּאמַר (toʾmar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall say”; Notes: Directs the prophet to deliver the message.
- אֵלָיו (elav) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition + 3ms suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Recipient of the speech (i.e., Barukh).
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: כה; Form: Adverb (repeated); Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Repetition intensifies the prophetic introduction.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Standard introduction of divine speech.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: היה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The speaker of the message.
- הִנֵּה (hinneh) – Root: הן; Form: Interjection; Translation: “Behold”; Notes: Marks attention to what follows.
- אֲשֶׁר־בָּנִיתִי (asher-baniti) – Root: בנה; Form: Relative pronoun + Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “what I have built”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to nations or institutions.
- אֲנִי (ani) – Root: אני; Form: Independent pronoun; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH’s agency.
- הֹרֵס (hores) – Root: הרס; Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “am tearing down”; Notes: Ongoing or imminent action of destruction.
- וְאֵת (ve-et) – Root: את; Form: Conjunction + accusative marker; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects the parallel clause.
- אֲשֶׁר־נָטַעְתִּי (asher-nataʿti) – Root: נטע; Form: Relative pronoun + Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “what I have planted”; Notes: Another metaphor for something YHWH has established.
- אֲנִי (ani) – Root: אני; Form: Independent pronoun; Translation: “I”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- נֹתֵשׁ (notesh) – Root: נתש; Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “am uprooting”; Notes: Conveys violent removal, often used of nations or peoples.
- וְאֶת־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ (ve-et-kol-haʾarets) – Root: ארץ; Form: Conjunction + accusative marker + construct noun + definite noun; Translation: “even all the land”; Notes: Object of the verb “am uprooting.”
- הִיא (hiʾ) – Root: הוא; Form: Independent pronoun, feminine singular; Translation: “it is”; Notes: Emphatic identification of “the land.”