וְֽהַיֹּ֨ום הַה֜וּא לַאדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֣ה צְבָאֹ֗ות יֹ֤ום נְקָמָה֙ לְהִנָּקֵ֣ם מִצָּרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֥ה חֶ֨רֶב֙ וְשָׂ֣בְעָ֔ה וְרָוְתָ֖ה מִדָּמָ֑ם כִּ֣י זֶ֠בַח לַאדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֧ה צְבָאֹ֛ות בְּאֶ֥רֶץ צָפֹ֖ון אֶל־נְהַר־פְּרָֽת׃
And that day is for the Lord YHWH of Hosts, a day of vengeance, to avenge himself from his adversaries, and the sword shall eat and be satisfied and be made drunk with their blood, for a sacrifice is for the Lord YHWH of Hosts in the land of the north by the River Perat.
Morphology
- וְהַיֹּום (ve-hayyom) – Root: יום; Form: Conjunction + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the day”; Notes: Marks a specific eschatological or decisive day.
- הַהוּא (ha-hu) – Root: הוא; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Points emphatically to a definite time.
- לַאדֹנָי (la-Adonai) – Root: אדון; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “for the Lord”; Notes: Title of YHWH emphasizing sovereignty.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of Israel’s God.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun masculine plural in construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Refers to heavenly armies or divine command of forces.
- יֹום (yom) – Root: יום; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a day”; Notes: Repetition emphasizes the decisive occasion.
- נְקָמָה (neqamah) – Root: נקם; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “vengeance”; Notes: Judicial retribution by YHWH.
- לְהִנָּקֵם (le-hinnaqem) – Root: נקם; Form: Niphal infinitive construct; Translation: “to avenge himself”; Notes: Niphal reflexive nuance.
- מִצָּרָיו (mi-tsarav) – Root: צרר; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural with 3ms suffix; Translation: “from his adversaries”; Notes: Enemies against whom vengeance is directed.
- וְאָכְלָה (ve-okhlah) – Root: אכל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and it shall eat”; Notes: Personification of the sword.
- חֶרֶב (ḥerev) – Root: חרב; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “sword”; Notes: Subject of the previous verb, weapon of judgment.
- וְשָׂבְעָה (ve-sāveʿah) – Root: שבע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and be satisfied”; Notes: Sword metaphorically gorged with blood.
- וְרָוְתָה (ve-ravtah) – Root: רוה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and be made drunk”; Notes: Further intensification of the metaphor.
- מִדָּמָם (mi-damam) – Root: דם; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural with 3mp suffix; Translation: “with their blood”; Notes: Object of the sword’s consumption.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces reason clause.
- זֶבַח (zevaḥ) – Root: זבח; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sacrifice”; Notes: Judicial slaughter described as ritual offering.
- לַאדֹנָי (la-Adonai) – Root: אדון; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “for the Lord”; Notes: Recipient of the sacrifice imagery.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Military or heavenly armies under divine command.
- בְּאֶרֶץ (be-erets) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the land”; Notes: Locative reference.
- צָפֹון (tsafon) – Root: צפון; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “north”; Notes: Geographical direction/location.
- אֶל־נְהַר (el-nehar) – Root: נהר; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “by the river”; Notes: Specifies geographical boundary.
- פְּרָת (Perat) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper name; Translation: “Perat”; Notes: The Euphrates River, eastern frontier of Israel’s horizon.