שָׁמְע֤וּ גֹויִם֙ קְלֹונֵ֔ךְ וְצִוְחָתֵ֖ךְ מָלְאָ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־גִבֹּ֤ור בְּגִבֹּור֙ כָּשָׁ֔לוּ יַחְדָּ֖יו נָפְל֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ פ
Nations have heard your disgrace, and your cry has filled the land, for warrior against warrior they stumbled, together they fell both of them.”
Morphology
- שָׁמְעוּ (shamʿu) – Root: שמע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they have heard”; Notes: Refers to the nations perceiving Egypt’s disgrace.
- גֹויִם (goyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Foreign peoples as witnesses.
- קְלֹונֵךְ (qelonek) – Root: קלון; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 2fs suffix; Translation: “your disgrace”; Notes: Shame personified upon Egypt.
- וְצִוְחָתֵךְ (ve-tsivḥatek) – Root: צווח; Form: Noun feminine singular construct + 2fs suffix with conjunctive waw; Translation: “and your cry”; Notes: Loud outcry of distress in battle.
- מָלְאָה (malʾah) – Root: מלא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “has filled”; Notes: Describes the cry pervading the land.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers broadly to the inhabited land.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces explanation.
- גִבֹּור (gibbor) – Root: גבר; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “warrior”; Notes: Singular champion figure.
- בְּגִבֹּור (be-gibbor) – Root: גבר; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “against warrior”; Notes: Combat of warrior against warrior.
- כָּשָׁלוּ (kashalu) – Root: כשׁל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they stumbled”; Notes: Figurative for defeat or collapse.
- יַחְדָּיו (yaḥdav) – Root: יחד; Form: Adverb with 3ms pronominal suffix; Translation: “together”; Notes: Marks simultaneity.
- נָפְלוּ (naflu) – Root: נפל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they fell”; Notes: Conveys military defeat.
- שְׁנֵיהֶם (shenehem) – Root: שנים; Form: Dual construct with 3mp suffix; Translation: “both of them”; Notes: Completes the imagery of paired downfall.