כִּי־כֹ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִ֠נֵּה אֲשֶׁר־אֵ֨ין מִשְׁפָּטָ֜ם לִשְׁתֹּ֤ות הַכֹּוס֙ שָׁתֹ֣ו יִשְׁתּ֔וּ וְאַתָּ֣ה ה֔וּא נָקֹ֖ה תִּנָּקֶ֑ה לֹ֣א תִנָּקֶ֔ה כִּ֥י שָׁתֹ֖ה תִּשְׁתֶּֽה׃
For thus says YHWH: “Behold, those whose judgment was not to drink the cup, surely they shall drink; and you, shall you indeed go unpunished? You shall not go unpunished, for you shall surely drink.
Morphology
- כִּי־ (ki-) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction with maqaf; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces divine reasoning.
- כֹה (koh) – Root: —; Form: Adverb/demonstrative; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Standard prophetic introduction.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: Prophetic formula.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה/יהוה; Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Speaker of the oracle.
- הִנֵּה (hinneh) – Root: —; Form: Interjection; Translation: “behold”; Notes: Marks emphasis on the shocking statement.
- אֲשֶׁר־ (ʾasher-) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun with maqaf; Translation: “those who”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- אֵין (ʾein) – Root: —; Form: Negative existential; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denotes absence of justice.
- מִשְׁפָּטָם (mishpatam) – Root: שׁפט; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their judgment”; Notes: Refers to those not appointed for such judgment.
- לִשְׁתֹּות (lishdot) – Root: שתה; Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to drink”; Notes: Explains the judgment symbolized by “the cup.”
- הַכֹּוס (ha-kos) – Root: כוס; Form: Noun feminine singular with article; Translation: “the cup”; Notes: Symbol of divine wrath/judgment.
- שָׁתוּ (shatu) – Root: שתה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have drunk”; Notes: Certainty of past experience applied rhetorically.
- יִשְׁתוּ (yishtu) – Root: שתה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall drink”; Notes: Future certainty of judgment.
- וְאַתָּה (ve-atta) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and you”; Notes: Addressed to Edom directly.
- הוּא (hu) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “are you”; Notes: Used emphatically with rhetorical force.
- נָקֹה (nako) – Root: נקה; Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “surely unpunished”; Notes: Infinitive absolute for emphasis.
- תִּנָּקֶה (tinnakeh) – Root: נקה; Form: Niphal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall you go unpunished?”; Notes: Strong rhetorical question.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: —; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “no”; Notes: Emphatic negation.
- תִּנָּקֶה (tinnakeh) – Root: נקה; Form: Niphal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall not go unpunished”; Notes: Repetition intensifies certainty.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Provides the rationale.
- שָׁתֹה (shato) – Root: שתה; Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “surely drink”; Notes: Infinitive absolute for emphasis.
- תִּשְׁתֶּה (tishteh) – Root: שתה; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall drink”; Notes: Reaffirms Edom’s unavoidable judgment.