מַה־תִּתְהַֽלְלִי֙ בָּֽעֲמָקִ֔ים זָ֣ב עִמְקֵ֔ךְ הַבַּ֖ת הַשֹּֽׁובֵבָ֑ה הַבֹּֽטְחָה֙ בְּאֹ֣צְרֹתֶ֔יהָ מִ֖י יָבֹ֥וא אֵלָֽי׃
Why do you boast in the valleys, your valley flowing, O backsliding daughter, trusting in her treasures, saying, ‘Who will come against me?’
Morphology
- מַה־ (mah-) – Root: —; Form: Interrogative particle with maqaf; Translation: “why?”; Notes: Introduces rhetorical rebuke.
- תִּתְהַלְלִי (titḥalleli) – Root: הלל; Form: Hitpael imperfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “do you boast”; Notes: Reflects pride or self-exaltation.
- בָּעֲמָקִים (ba-ʿamaqim) – Root: עמק; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural with article; Translation: “in the valleys”; Notes: Refers to fertile valleys of ʿAmmon.
- זָב (zav) – Root: זוב; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “flowing”; Notes: Describes the richness of the valley, probably with water or produce.
- עִמְקֵךְ (ʿimqekh) – Root: עמק; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your valley”; Notes: Directly addressed to the nation metaphorically as a woman.
- הַבַּת (ha-bat) – Root: בת; Form: Noun feminine singular with article; Translation: “O daughter”; Notes: Vocative, personifying the nation.
- הַשֹּׁובֵבָה (ha-shovvah) – Root: שׁובב; Form: Qal participle feminine singular with article; Translation: “the backsliding one”; Notes: Suggests rebellious or wayward behavior.
- הַבֹּטְחָה (ha-botḥah) – Root: בטח; Form: Qal participle feminine singular with article; Translation: “trusting”; Notes: Refers to misplaced confidence.
- בְּאֹצְרֹתֶיהָ (be-ʾotzroteha) – Root: אצר; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “in her treasures”; Notes: Economic wealth seen as a false security.
- מִי (mi) – Root: —; Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “who?”; Notes: Challenges their overconfidence.
- יָבֹוא (yavoʾ) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “will come”; Notes: Anticipates military aggression.
- אֵלָי (elai) – Root: —; Form: Preposition אֶל + first person common singular suffix; Translation: “against me”; Notes: Personified boast of the nation speaking in arrogance.