הִנֵּ֛ה עַ֥ם בָּ֖א מִצָּפֹ֑ון וְגֹ֤וי גָּדֹול֙ וּמְלָכִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים יֵעֹ֖רוּ מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃
Behold, a people comes from the north, and a great nation, and many kings shall be stirred up from the uttermost parts of the earth.
Morphology
- הִנֵּה (hinneh) – Root: —; Form: Interjection; Translation: “Behold”; Notes: Draws attention to imminent action.
- עַם (ʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “people”; Notes: Refers to an invading force.
- בָּא (ba) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “comes”; Notes: Depicts action already in motion.
- מִצָּפוֹן (mi-tsafon) – Root: צפון; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the north”; Notes: North often signifies danger or invasion in prophetic texts.
- וְגוֹי (ve-goy) – Root: גוי; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “and a nation”; Notes: Parallel to “people,” emphasizes the scale of invaders.
- גָּדֹול (gadol) – Root: גדל; Form: Adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “great”; Notes: Qualifies the nation’s strength and size.
- וּמְלָכִים (u-melakhim) – Root: מלך; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “and kings”; Notes: Suggests a coalition of rulers.
- רַבִּים (rabbim) – Root: רבב; Form: Adjective masculine plural absolute; Translation: “many”; Notes: Emphasizes the multitude of rulers.
- יֵעֹרוּ (yeʿoru) – Root: עור; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd masculine plural; Translation: “they shall be stirred up”; Notes: Conveys arousal for battle or action.
- מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־אָרֶץ (mi-yarketei-aretz) – Root: ירך + ארץ; Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine plural construct + noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “from the uttermost parts of the earth”; Notes: Expresses distant origin, underscoring threat from afar.