Jeremiah 51:28

קַדְּשׁ֨וּ עָלֶ֤יהָ גֹויִם֙ אֶת־מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י אֶת־פַּחֹותֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־סְגָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מֶמְשַׁלְתֹּֽו׃

Consecrate against her nations, the kings of Maday, her governors, and all her deputies, and all the land of his dominion.

Morphology

1. קַדְּשׁוּ (qaddeshu) – Root: קדשׁ (qadash); Form: Piel imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “Consecrate / set apart”; Notes: Refers to preparing nations for a holy war or divinely sanctioned mission.
2. עָלֶיהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “against her”; Notes: The “her” refers to Babylon, the object of divine judgment.
3. גֹויִם (goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Foreign peoples designated to rise up in battle.
4. אֶת (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [untranslatable marker]; Notes: Introduces the specific objects of consecration.
5. מַלְכֵי (malkei) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “the kings of”; Notes: Indicates rulers in relation to their realm.
6. מָדַי (Madai) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Geographical/ethnic name; Translation: “Madai”; Notes: Refers to the Median empire.
7. אֶת (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [untranslatable marker]; Notes: Marks the next clause’s object.
8. פַּחֹותֶיהָ (paḥoteha) – Root: פחה (paḥah); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her governors”; Notes: Regional administrators under the empire.
9. וְאֶת (ve-ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects to the following object.
10. כָּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Emphasizes totality.
11. סְגָנֶיהָ (seganéha) – Root: סגן (segan); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her deputies”; Notes: Officials of rank beneath governors.
12. וְאֵת (ve-et) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: “and”; Notes: Connects to the final object.
13. כָּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Again emphasizes comprehensiveness.
14. אֶרֶץ (ʾerets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “land”; Notes: Refers to territorial dominion.
15. מֶמְשַׁלְתּוֹ (memshalto) – Root: משׁל (mashal); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his dominion”; Notes: Refers to the authority or rule exercised by the Median king.