וַעֲשָׂרָ֤ה נְשִׂאִים֙ עִמֹּ֔ו נָשִׂ֨יא אֶחָ֜ד נָשִׂ֤יא אֶחָד֙ לְבֵ֣ית אָ֔ב לְכֹ֖ל מַטֹּ֣ות יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְאִ֨ישׁ רֹ֧אשׁ בֵּית־אֲבֹותָ֛ם הֵ֖מָּה לְאַלְפֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And ten leaders were with him, one leader, one leader for each father’s house of all the tribes of Yisraʾel, and each was a head of the houses of their fathers among the thousands of Yisraʾel.
Morphology
- וַעֲשָׂרָ֤ה (va-ʿasarah) – Root: עשר (ʿeser); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “ten”; Notes: Numerical value.
- נְשִׂאִים֙ (nesiʾim) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “leaders”; Notes: Tribal representatives.
- עִמֹּ֔ו (ʿimmo) – Root: עם (ʿim); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with him”; Notes: Indicates accompaniment.
- נָשִׂ֨יא (nasi) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “leader”; Notes: Political or tribal head.
- אֶחָ֜ד (eḥad) – Root: אחד (eḥad); Form: Adjective, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “one”; Notes: Numeric reference.
- נָשִׂ֤יא אֶחָד֙ (nasi eḥad) – Root: נשא, אחד (nasaʾ, eḥad); Form: Noun + adjective; Translation: “one leader”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
- לְבֵ֣ית אָ֔ב (le-veit av) – Root: בית, אב (bayit, av); Form: Construct noun, masculine singular; Translation: “for each father’s house”; Notes: Family lineage.
- לְכֹ֖ל (le-khol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “for all”; Notes: Inclusiveness.
- מַטֹּ֣ות (matot) – Root: מטה (mateh); Form: Noun, masculine plural absolute; Translation: “tribes”; Notes: Represents each division of Yisraʾel.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation.
- וְאִ֨ישׁ (ve-ish) – Root: איש (ish); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “and each man”; Notes: Refers to individuals.
- רֹ֧אשׁ (rosh) – Root: ראש (rosh); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “head”; Notes: Denotes leadership.
- בֵּית־אֲבֹותָ֛ם (beit-avotam) – Root: בית, אב (bayit, av); Form: Construct noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “of their fathers’ houses”; Notes: Refers to ancestral families.
- הֵ֖מָּה (hemmah) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Emphasizes the subject.
- לְאַלְפֵ֥י (le-alfei) – Root: אלף (elef); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “among the thousands of”; Notes: Refers to military or social divisions.
- יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation.