וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהֹושֻׁ֜עַ אֲהָ֣הּ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה לָ֠מָה הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ הַעֲבִ֜יר אֶת־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן לָתֵ֥ת אֹתָ֛נוּ בְּיַ֥ד הָאֱמֹרִ֖י לְהַאֲבִידֵ֑נוּ וְלוּ֙ הֹואַ֣לְנוּ וַנֵּ֔שֶׁב בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃
And Yehoshua said, “Alas, Lord YHWH, why have You brought this people across the Yarden to give us into the hand of the Emori to destroy us? If only we had been content and lived beyond the Yarden.
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֨אמֶר (vayyoʾmer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “(and) said”; Notes: Introduces direct speech by Yehoshua.
- יְהֹושֻׁ֜עַ (Yehoshua) – Root: ישע (yashaʿ); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yehoshua”; Notes: Refers to Joshua, the leader of Yisraʾel.
- אֲהָ֣הּ (ʾahah) – Root: אהה (ʾahah); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Alas”; Notes: Expression of lament or distress.
- אֲדֹנָ֣י (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular possessive suffix; Translation: “Lord”; Notes: Refers to God as Master or Lord.
- יְהוִ֗ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, the personal name of the God of Israel.
- לָ֠מָה (lamah) – Root: מה (mah); Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “why”; Notes: Introduces a question.
- הֵעֲבַ֨רְתָּ (heʿavarta) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Hifil perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “have You brought across”; Notes: Causative verb indicating action performed by YHWH.
- הַעֲבִ֜יר (haʿavir) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “to bring across”; Notes: Infinitive used in the question structure.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “[the]”; Notes: Marks the direct object.
- הָעָ֤ם (ha-ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the people”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
- הַזֶּה֙ (ha-zeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies “the people.”
- אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן (ʾet-ha-yarden) – Root: ירדן (yarden); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular with direct object marker; Translation: “the Yarden”; Notes: Refers to the Jordan River.
- לָתֵ֥ת (latet) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal infinitive construct with לְ; Translation: “to give”; Notes: Purpose infinitive.
- אֹתָ֛נוּ (otanu) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “us”; Notes: Refers to the speaker and the people.
- בְּיַ֥ד (be-yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun, feminine singular with preposition בְּ; Translation: “into the hand of”; Notes: Indicates control or possession.
- הָאֱמֹרִ֖י (ha-ʾemori) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the Emori”; Notes: Refers to the Amorites.
- לְהַאֲבִידֵ֑נוּ (le-haʾavideinu) – Root: אבד (ʾavad); Form: Hifil infinitive construct with לְ + first person plural suffix; Translation: “to destroy us”; Notes: Causative infinitive indicating purpose.
- וְלוּ֙ (ve-lu) – Root: לו (lu); Form: Particle; Translation: “if only”; Notes: Expresses a wish or regret.
- הֹואַ֣לְנוּ (hoʾalnu) – Root: אלל (ʾalal); Form: Hifil perfect 1st person plural; Translation: “we had been content”; Notes: Causative verb indicating willingness or consent.
- וַנֵּ֔שֶׁב (vanneshev) – Root: ישב (yashav); Form: Qal cohortative 1st person plural; Translation: “(and) lived”; Notes: Expresses a wish or intention.
- בְּעֵ֖בֶר (be-ʿever) – Root: עבר (ʿever); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition בְּ; Translation: “beyond”; Notes: Indicates location across or on the other side.
- הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ (ha-yarden) – Root: ירדן (yarden); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the Yarden”; Notes: Refers to the Jordan River.