וְכָל־מְלָאכָה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיֹּ֣ום הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י יֹ֤ום כִּפֻּרִים֙ ה֔וּא לְכַפֵּ֣ר עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃
And you shall do no work on this very day, for it is a Day of Atonement, to make atonement for you before YHWH your God.
Morphology
- וְכָל־מְלָאכָה֙ (ve’khol-melakhah) – Root: מלא (m-l-ʾ); Form: Conjunction ו with construct feminine singular noun; Translation: “And any work”; Notes: Refers to prohibited labor.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “Not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- תַעֲשׂ֔וּ (taʿasu) – Root: עשׂה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “You shall do”; Notes: Command prohibiting action.
- בְּעֶ֖צֶם (be’etzem) – Root: עצם (ʿ-ts-m); Form: Preposition ב with masculine singular noun; Translation: “On the very”; Notes: Emphasizes the specificity of the day.
- הַיֹּ֣ום (ha-yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Definite article ה with masculine singular noun; Translation: “Day”; Notes: Refers to the Day of Atonement.
- הַזֶּ֑ה (ha-zeh) – Root: זה (z-h); Form: Definite article ה with demonstrative pronoun; Translation: “This”; Notes: Identifies the specific day.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (k-y); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the command.
- יֹ֤ום כִּפֻּרִים֙ (yom kippurim) – Root: כפר (k-p-r); Form: Masculine singular noun with plural form; Translation: “Day of Atonement”; Notes: Refers to the sacred day of atonement.
- ה֔וּא (hu) – Root: הוא (h-w); Form: Pronoun; Translation: “It is”; Notes: Identifies the subject.
- לְכַפֵּ֣ר (lekhapper) – Root: כפר (k-p-r); Form: Piel infinitive construct with preposition ל; Translation: “To make atonement”; Notes: Indicates the purpose of the day.
- עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם (ʿaleikhem) – Root: על (ʿ-l); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “For you”; Notes: Specifies the beneficiaries of the atonement.
- לִפְנֵ֖י (lifnei) – Root: פנה (p-n-h); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Before”; Notes: Indicates the presence of God.
- יְהוָ֥ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (y-h-w-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine name of God.
- אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם (eloheikhem) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Masculine plural construct noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “Your God”; Notes: Indicates a covenant relationship.