Nahum 3:1

הֹ֖וי עִ֣יר דָּמִ֑ים כֻּלָּ֗הּ כַּ֤חַשׁ פֶּ֨רֶק֙ מְלֵאָ֔ה לֹ֥א יָמִ֖ישׁ טָֽרֶף׃

Woe to the city of blood she is all deception and tearing she is full prey does not depart.

Morphology

1. הֹוי (hoy) — Root: הוי (hoy); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Woe”; Notes: A lament or announcement of judgment.
2. עִיר (ʿir) — Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “city”; Notes: Refers to Nineweh.
3. דָּמִים (damim) — Root: דם (dam); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “bloods”; Notes: Idiom meaning violence or bloodshed.
4. כֻּלָּהּ (kullah) — Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3fs suffix; Translation: “all of her”; Notes: Highlights total corruption.
5. כַּחַשׁ (kahaš) — Root: כחש (kahaš); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “deception”; Notes: Refers to falsehood and treachery.
6. פֶּרֶק (perek) — Root: פרק (paraq); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “tearing apart”; Notes: Violent oppression or dismemberment.
7. מְלֵאָה (meleʾah) — Root: מלא (maleʾ); Form: Qal passive participle feminine singular; Translation: “she is full”; Notes: Describes Nineweh filled with violence and deceit.
8. לֹא (lo) — Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negation introducing the final clause.
9. יָמִישׁ (yamish) — Root: מושׁ (mush); Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “will depart”; Notes: Indicates continual presence.
10. טָרֶף (taref) — Root: טרף (taraf); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “prey”; Notes: The violence of Nineweh is unending.