וְלֹא־נָתַ֨ן סִיחֹ֣ן אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ עֲבֹ֣ר בִּגְבֻלֹו֒ וַיֶּאֱסֹ֨ף סִיחֹ֜ן אֶת־כָּל־עַמֹּ֗ו וַיֵּצֵ֞א לִקְרַ֤את יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הַמִּדְבָּ֔רָה וַיָּבֹ֖א יָ֑הְצָה וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
But Siḥon did not allow Yisra’el to pass through his territory. Siḥon gathered all his people and went out to meet Yisra’el in the wilderness. He came to Yahatz and fought against Yisra’el.
Morphology
- וְלֹא־נָתַ֨ן (velo-natan) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “But did not allow”; Notes: Denotes Sihon’s refusal.
- סִיחֹ֣ן (Sihon) – Root: סיח (Sich); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Sihon”; Notes: Refers to the Amorite king.
- אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ (et-Yisra’el) – Root: שׂרה (sarah); Form: Direct object marker with proper noun; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Israel.
- עֲבֹ֣ר (avor) – Root: עבר (avar); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to pass”; Notes: Indicates the action Yisra’el sought permission for.
- בִּגְבֻלֹו֒ (bigvulo) – Root: גבול (gvul); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “through his territory”; Notes: Refers to Sihon’s land.
- וַיֶּאֱסֹ֨ף (vaye’esof) – Root: אסף (asaf); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and he gathered”; Notes: Describes Sihon’s preparation for battle.
- סִיחֹ֜ן (Sihon) – Root: סיח (Sich); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Sihon”; Notes: The subject of the action.
- אֶת־כָּל־עַמֹּ֗ו (et-kol-amo) – Root: עם (am); Form: Direct object marker with noun, masculine singular construct and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “all his people”; Notes: Refers to Sihon’s assembled forces.
- וַיֵּצֵ֞א (vayetze) – Root: יצא (yatza); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and he went out”; Notes: Indicates Sihon’s advance.
- לִקְרַ֤את (likrat) – Root: קרה (karah); Form: Preposition with infinitive construct; Translation: “to meet”; Notes: Describes Sihon’s intent to confront Yisra’el.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (Yisra’el) – Root: שׂרה (sarah); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the nation of Israel.
- הַמִּדְבָּ֔רָה (hamidbarah) – Root: מדבר (midbar); Form: Noun, masculine singular with directional heh; Translation: “to the wilderness”; Notes: Specifies the location of the encounter.
- וַיָּבֹ֖א (vayavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and he came”; Notes: Indicates Sihon’s arrival at Yahatz.
- יָ֑הְצָה (Yahatzah) – Root: יהץ (Yahatz); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Yahatz”; Notes: A specific location where the battle occurred.
- וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם (vayillachem) – Root: לחם (lacham); Form: Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and he fought”; Notes: Describes the conflict between Sihon and Yisra’el.
- בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (be’Yisra’el) – Root: שׂרה (sarah); Form: Preposition with proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “against Yisra’el”; Notes: Specifies the opponent in battle.