וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּצֵא֙ מִן־הַמְּעָרָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַֽחֲרֵי־שָׁא֛וּל לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּבֵּ֤ט שָׁאוּל֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיִּקֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ ס
And Dawid arose afterward and went out from the cave, and he called after Shaʾul, saying, “My lord the king!” And Shaʾul looked behind him, and Dawid bowed with his face to the ground and prostrated himself.
Morphology
- וַיָּ֨קָם (vayyaqam) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he arose”; Notes: Introduces a sequential action.
- דָּוִ֜ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן (aḥarei-khen) – Root: אחר (aḥar); Form: Preposition with adverb; Translation: “afterward”; Notes: Indicates time sequence.
- וַיֵּצֵא֙ (vayyetze) – Root: יצא (yatza); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he went out”; Notes: Describes movement.
- מִן־הַמְּעָרָ֔ה (min-hammeʿarah) – Root: מערה (meʿarah); Form: Noun, feminine singular with preposition and definite article; Translation: “from the cave”; Notes: Indicates location.
- וַיִּקְרָ֧א (vayyiqra) – Root: קרא (qara); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he called”; Notes: Expresses loud speech.
- אַֽחֲרֵי־שָׁא֛וּל (aḥarei-Shaʾul) – Root: אחר (aḥar); Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “after Shaʾul”; Notes: Describes direction.
- לֵאמֹ֖ר (lemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- אֲדֹנִ֣י (ʾadoni) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “My lord”; Notes: Term of respect.
- הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ (hammelekh) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Title referring to Shaʾul.
- וַיַּבֵּ֤ט (vayyabet) – Root: נבט (nabat); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he looked”; Notes: Denotes turning to see.
- שָׁאוּל֙ (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- אַֽחֲרָ֔יו (aḥarav) – Root: אחר (aḥar); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “behind him”; Notes: Directional reference.
- וַיִּקֹּ֨ד (vayyiqod) – Root: קדד (qadad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he bowed”; Notes: Act of respect.
- דָּוִ֥ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- אַפַּ֛יִם (ʾappayim) – Root: אף (ʾaf); Form: Noun, dual; Translation: “face”; Notes: Refers to bowing with the face downward.
- אַ֖רְצָה (ʾartza) – Root: ארץ (ʾeretz); Form: Noun, feminine singular with directional suffix; Translation: “to the ground”; Notes: Emphasizes submission.
- וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ (vayyiʃtaḥu) – Root: שחה (shaḥah); Form: Hishtafel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he prostrated himself”; Notes: Expression of deep reverence.