וַיְשַׁסַּ֨ע דָּוִ֤ד אֶת־אֲנָשָׁיו֙ בַּדְּבָרִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א נְתָנָ֖ם לָק֣וּם אֶל־שָׁא֑וּל וְשָׁא֛וּל קָ֥ם מֵהַמְּעָרָ֖ה וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ ס
And Dawid restrained his men with words and did not allow them to rise against Shaʾul. And Shaʾul arose from the cave and went on his way.
Morphology
- וַיְשַׁסַּ֨ע (vayʃassaʿ) – Root: שסע (ʃasaʿ); Form: Piel wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he restrained”; Notes: Expresses strong intervention.
- דָּוִ֤ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- אֶת־אֲנָשָׁיו֙ (et-ʾanashav) – Root: אנש (ʾenosh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his men”; Notes: Direct object.
- בַּדְּבָרִ֔ים (baddvarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun, masculine plural with preposition; Translation: “with words”; Notes: Indicates means of restraint.
- וְלֹ֥א (velo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- נְתָנָ֖ם (netanam) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “he allowed them”; Notes: Action of preventing.
- לָק֣וּם (lakum) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to rise”; Notes: Expresses purpose.
- אֶל־שָׁא֑וּל (el-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “against Shaʾul”; Notes: Indicates target.
- וְשָׁא֛וּל (ve-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “And Shaʾul”; Notes: Subject of the following action.
- קָ֥ם (qam) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “arose”; Notes: Completed action.
- מֵהַמְּעָרָ֖ה (mehammeʿarah) – Root: מערה (meʿarah); Form: Noun, feminine singular with preposition; Translation: “from the cave”; Notes: Indicates place of action.
- וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ (vayyelekh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he went”; Notes: Sequential action.
- בַּדָּֽרֶךְ (baddarekh) – Root: דרך (darekh); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “on the way”; Notes: Direction of movement.