וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו חָלִ֧ילָה לִּ֣י מֵֽיהוָ֗ה אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה֩ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֨ר הַזֶּ֤ה לַֽאדֹנִי֙ לִמְשִׁ֣יחַ יְהוָ֔ה לִשְׁלֹ֥חַ יָדִ֖י בֹּ֑ו כִּֽי־מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃
And he said to his men, “Far be it from me, by YHWH, that I should do this thing to my lord, to YHWH’s anointed, to stretch out my hand against him, for he is the anointed of YHWH.”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֨אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו (laʾanashav) – Root: אנש (ʾenosh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with preposition and 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his men”; Notes: Marks the audience of the speech.
- חָלִ֧ילָה (ḥalilah) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Interjection; Translation: “Far be it”; Notes: Expresses strong rejection.
- לִּ֣י (li) – Root: לי (li); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “from me”; Notes: Indicates personal refusal.
- מֵֽיהוָ֗ה (me-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “by YHWH”; Notes: Implies divine authority.
- אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה֩ (ʾim-eʿeseh) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “that I should do”; Notes: Expresses a conditional action.
- אֶת־הַדָּבָ֨ר (et-haddavar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “this thing”; Notes: Refers to the act under consideration.
- הַזֶּ֤ה (hazzeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies the noun.
- לַֽאדֹנִי֙ (laʾdoni) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to my lord”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul.
- לִמְשִׁ֣יחַ (limshiḥ) – Root: משח (mashaḥ); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “to the anointed”; Notes: Refers to one chosen by YHWH.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Divine name.
- לִשְׁלֹ֥חַ (lishloaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to stretch out”; Notes: Indicates an intended action.
- יָדִ֖י (yadi) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my hand”; Notes: Represents an aggressive act.
- בֹּ֑ו (bo) – Root: בו (bo); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “against him”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul.
- כִּֽי־מְשִׁ֥יחַ (ki-meshiḥ) – Root: משח (mashaḥ); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “for he is the anointed”; Notes: Justifies Dawid’s reasoning.
- יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “of YHWH”; Notes: Indicates divine selection.
- הֽוּא (hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he is”; Notes: Reinforces identification.