אֶ֚ל כָּל־חַטֹּ֣אות בַּעְשָׁ֔א וְחַטֹּ֖אות אֵלָ֣ה בְנֹ֑ו אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָטְא֗וּ וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶחֱטִ֨יאוּ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְהַכְעִ֗יס אֶת־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּהַבְלֵיהֶֽם׃
Concerning all the sins of Baʿsha and the sins of Ela his son, which they sinned and with which they caused Yisraʾel to sin, to provoke YHWH, the God of Yisraʾel, with their vanities.
Morphology
- אֶ֚ל (el) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition; Translation: “concerning”; Notes: Often used to introduce topics of judgment or speech.
- כָּל־חַטֹּ֣אות (kol-ḥattoʾot) – Root: חטא (ḥaṭa); Form: Construct chain: “all the sins of”; Translation: “all the sins of”; Notes: Feminine plural noun.
- בַּעְשָׁ֔א (Baʿsha) – Root: בעשא (Baʿsha); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Baʿsha”; Notes: King of Yisraʾel.
- וְחַטֹּ֖אות (ve-ḥattoʾot) – Root: חטא (ḥaṭa); Form: Conjunction + noun, feminine plural; Translation: “and the sins of”; Notes: Parallels previous phrase.
- אֵלָ֣ה (ʾElah) – Root: אלה (ʾElah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Elah”; Notes: Son of Baʿsha and successor.
- בְנֹ֑ו (veno) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix; Translation: “his son”; Notes: Clarifies familial relationship.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- חָטְא֗וּ (ḥaṭʾu) – Root: חטא (ḥaṭa); Form: Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “they sinned”; Notes: Refers to both Baʿsha and Elah.
- וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר (va-ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Conjunction + relative pronoun; Translation: “and which”; Notes: Connects to parallel action.
- הֶחֱטִ֨יאוּ֙ (heḥetiʾu) – Root: חטא (ḥaṭa); Form: Hifil perfect 3mp; Translation: “they caused to sin”; Notes: Causative form showing they led others astray.
- אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (et-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Definite direct object; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom.
- לְהַכְעִ֗יס (le-hakhʿis) – Root: כעס (kaʿas); Form: Hifil infinitive construct; Translation: “to provoke”; Notes: Expresses purpose or result.
- אֶת־יְהוָ֛ה (et-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Definite direct object; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Direct object of provocation.
- אֱלֹהֵ֥י (ʾElohei) – Root: אלה (ʾelohim); Form: Construct plural noun; Translation: “God of”; Notes: Construct form paired with proper noun.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Possessive relationship with ʾElohei.
- בְּהַבְלֵיהֶֽם (be-havleihem) – Root: הבל (hevel); Form: Preposition + plural noun + 3mp suffix; Translation: “with their vanities”; Notes: Refers to idolatry, often contrasted with truth or substance.