1 Kings 22:53

וַֽיַּעֲבֹד֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔עַל וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֖ה לֹ֑ו וַיַּכְעֵ֗ס אֶת־יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה אָבִֽיו׃

And he served the Baʿal and bowed down to him, and he provoked YHWH, the God of Yisraʾel, to anger, according to all that his father had done.

Morphology

1. וַיַּעֲבֹד (va-yaʿavod) – Root: עבד (ʿavad); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he served”; Notes: Religious service or devotion, in this case idolatrous worship.
2. אֶת־הַבַּעַל (ʾet-ha-Baʿal) – Root: בעל (Baʿal); Form: Direct object marker + definite proper noun; Translation: “the Baʿal”; Notes: Refers to the Canaanite storm and fertility deity, central to much of Yisraʾel’s idolatry.
3. וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶה (va-yishtachaweh) – Root: שׁחה (shachah); Form: Hishtaphel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he bowed down”; Notes: Posture of worship, submission; often paired with ʿavad in idol worship contexts.
4. לֹו (lo) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Refers back to the Baʿal.
5. וַיַּכְעֵס (va-yakʿes) – Root: כעס (kaʿas); Form: Hiphil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he provoked to anger”; Notes: Hiphil indicates causation—he angered YHWH by his actions.
6. אֶת־יְהוָה (ʾet-YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Direct object marker + divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The true God of Yisraʾel whom the king offended.
7. אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (ʾelohei Yisraʾel) – Roots: אל (ʾel), ישראל; Form: Construct plural + proper noun; Translation: “God of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Emphasizes covenant relationship being violated.
8. כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה (ke-khol asher ʿasah) – Roots: כל, עשׂה; Form: Preposition + construct noun + relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “according to all that … had done”; Notes: Introduces comparison to previous behavior.
9. אָבִיו (aviv) – Root: אב; Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his father”; Notes: Refers to Aḥav, infamous for Baʿal worship in Yisraʾel.