וַיַּ֣ךְ יֹונָתָ֗ן אֵ֣ת נְצִ֤יב פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּגֶ֔בַע וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וְשָׁאוּל֩ תָּקַ֨ע בַּשֹּׁופָ֤ר בְּכָל־הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יִשְׁמְע֖וּ הָעִבְרִֽים׃
And Yonatan struck the garrison of the Pelishtim that was in Geva, and the Pelishtim heard. And Shaʾul blew the shofar throughout all the land, saying, “Let the ʿIvrim hear!”
Morphology
- וַיַּ֣ךְ (vayyake) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he struck”; Notes: Denotes a military defeat.
- יֹונָתָ֗ן (Yonatan) – Root: יונתן (Yonatan); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yonatan”; Notes: Son of Shaʾul.
- אֵ֣ת (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Definite direct object marker; Translation: “—”; Notes: Marks the object of the verb.
- נְצִ֤יב (natziv) – Root: נצב (natzav); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “garrison”; Notes: Refers to a military outpost.
- פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ (Pelishtim) – Root: פלשת (Peleshet); Form: Proper noun, masculine plural; Translation: “the Pelishtim”; Notes: Refers to the Philistines.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- בְּגֶ֔בַע (be-Geva) – Root: גבע (Geva); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “in Geva”; Notes: Name of a place.
- וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּ (vayyishmeʿu) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they heard”; Notes: Refers to the Pelishtim.
- פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים (Pelishtim) – Root: פלשת (Peleshet); Form: Proper noun, masculine plural; Translation: “the Pelishtim”; Notes: Identifies the subject of the verb.
- וְשָׁאוּל֩ (ve-Shaʾul) – Root: שאל (shaʾal); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “And Shaʾul”; Notes: Subject of the next action.
- תָּקַ֨ע (taqaʿ) – Root: תקע (taqaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “blew”; Notes: Refers to blowing a horn.
- בַּשֹּׁופָ֤ר (ba-shofar) – Root: שופר (shofar); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the shofar”; Notes: Ram’s horn used for signaling.
- בְּכָל־הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ (be-khol haʾaretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾaretz); Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “throughout all the land”; Notes: Indicates the widespread announcement.
- לֵאמֹ֔ר (lemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- יִשְׁמְע֖וּ (yishmeʿu) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “Let them hear”; Notes: Imperative-like statement.
- הָעִבְרִֽים׃ (ha-ʿIvrim) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Noun, masculine plural definite; Translation: “the ʿIvrim”; Notes: Refers to the Hebrews.