וְעִבְרִ֗ים עָֽבְרוּ֙ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן אֶ֥רֶץ גָּ֖ד וְגִלְעָ֑ד וְשָׁאוּל֙ עֹודֶ֣נּוּ בַגִּלְגָּ֔ל וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם חָרְד֥וּ אַחֲרָֽיו׃
And the ʿIvrim crossed the Yarden to the land of Gad and Gileʿad, and Shaʾul was still in the Gilgal, and all the people trembled after him.
Morphology
- וְעִבְרִ֗ים (ve-ʿIvrim) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “And the ʿIvrim”; Notes: Refers to the Hebrews.
- עָֽבְרוּ֙ (ʿavru) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they crossed”; Notes: Denotes completed action.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Definite direct object marker; Translation: [not translated]; Notes: Marks direct object.
- הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן (ha-Yarden) – Root: ירדן (Yarden); Form: Proper noun, singular with definite article; Translation: “the Yarden”; Notes: Refers to the Jordan River.
- אֶ֥רֶץ (ʾerets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “land”; Notes: Refers to a geographical region.
- גָּ֖ד (Gad) – Root: גד (Gad); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “Gad”; Notes: Refers to the tribal territory.
- וְגִלְעָ֑ד (ve-Gilʿad) – Root: גלעד (Gilʿad); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “and Gilʿad”; Notes: A region east of the Jordan.
- וְשָׁאוּל֙ (ve-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun, singular; Translation: “and Shaʾul”; Notes: Refers to King Shaʾul.
- עֹודֶ֣נּוּ (ʿodennu) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb with 3rd person masculine singular pronominal suffix; Translation: “was still”; Notes: Indicates continued presence.
- בַגִּלְגָּ֔ל (ba-Gilgal) – Root: גלגל (Gilgal); Form: Proper noun, singular with preposition; Translation: “in the Gilgal”; Notes: A place in Yisraʾel.
- וְכָל־ (ve-khol) – Root: כל (khol); Form: Conjunction with noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “and all”; Notes: Indicates entirety.
- הָעָ֖ם (ha-ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the people”; Notes: Refers to the collective nation.
- חָרְד֥וּ (ḥardu) – Root: חרד (ḥarad); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “trembled”; Notes: Denotes fear or anxiety.
- אַחֲרָֽיו׃ (aḥarav) – Root: אחר (aḥar); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular pronominal suffix; Translation: “after him”; Notes: Indicates following.