וְשָׁא֛וּל לָכַ֥ד הַמְּלוּכָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם סָבִ֣יב בְּֽכָל־אֹיְבָ֡יו בְּמֹואָ֣ב וּבִבְנֵי־עַמֹּ֨ון וּבֶאֱדֹ֜ום וּבְמַלְכֵ֤י צֹובָה֙ וּבַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּבְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפְנֶ֖ה יַרְשִֽׁיעַ׃
And Shaʾul took the kingship over Yisraʾel, and he fought all around against all his enemies: against Moʾav, and against the sons of ʿAmmon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Tsova, and against the Pelishtim; and wherever he turned, he was victorious.
Morphology
- וְשָׁא֛וּל (ve-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “And Shaʾul”; Notes: Subject of the sentence.
- לָכַ֥ד (lakad) – Root: לכד (lakad); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “took”; Notes: Indicates completion of the action.
- הַמְּלוּכָ֖ה (hamelukhah) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun, feminine singular, definite; Translation: “the kingship”; Notes: Refers to ruling authority.
- עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (ʿal-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular, with preposition; Translation: “over Yisraʾel”; Notes: Indicates jurisdiction.
- וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם (vayyillakhem) – Root: לחם (lakham); Form: Nifal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he fought”; Notes: Indicates engagement in battle.
- סָבִ֣יב (saviv) – Root: סבב (savav); Form: Adverb; Translation: “all around”; Notes: Describes the widespread battles.
- בְּֽכָל־אֹיְבָ֡יו (bekhol-oyevav) – Root: אויב (ʾoyev); Form: Noun, masculine plural, construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “against all his enemies”; Notes: Defines the targets of war.
- בְּמֹואָ֣ב (be-Moʾav) – Root: מואב (Moʾav); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular, with preposition; Translation: “against Moʾav”; Notes: One of the enemy nations.
- וּבִבְנֵי־עַמֹּ֨ון (u-vivnei-ʿAmmon) – Root: עמון (ʿAmmon); Form: Proper noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “and against the sons of ʿAmmon”; Notes: Another enemy group.
- וּבֶאֱדֹ֜ום (u-veʾEdom) – Root: אדום (Edom); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular, with preposition; Translation: “and against Edom”; Notes: Nation descended from Esav.
- וּבְמַלְכֵ֤י צֹובָה֙ (u-vemalkhei-Tsovah) – Root: צובה (Tsovah); Form: Proper noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “and against the kings of Tsovah”; Notes: Refers to the Aramean kingdom.
- וּבַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים (u-va-Pelishtim) – Root: פלשת (Peleshet); Form: Proper noun, masculine plural, with preposition; Translation: “and against the Pelishtim”; Notes: Refers to the Philistines.
- וּבְכֹ֥ל (u-vekhol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun, masculine singular, with preposition; Translation: “and in all”; Notes: Refers to everything he engaged in.
- אֲשֶׁר־יִפְנֶ֖ה (ʾasher-yifneh) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “wherever he turned”; Notes: Describes his movements.
- יַרְשִֽׁיעַ (yarshiʿa) – Root: רשע (rashaʿ); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he was victorious”; Notes: Indicates prevailing over enemies.