1 Samuel 17:10

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אֲנִ֗י חֵרַ֛פְתִּי אֶת־מַעַרְכֹ֥ות יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הַיֹּ֣ום הַזֶּ֑ה תְּנוּ־לִ֣י אִ֔ישׁ וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֖ה יָֽחַד׃

And the Pelishti said, “I have defied the ranks of Yisraʾel this day; give me a man, and we shall fight together.”

Morphology

1. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ (vayyoʾmer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Sequential action introducing speech.
2. הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י (ha-Pelishti) – Root: פלש (palash); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the Pelishti”; Notes: Refers to Golyat.
3. אֲנִ֗י (ʾani) – Root: אני (ʾani); Form: Pronoun, 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes the speaker.
4. חֵרַ֛פְתִּי (ḥeraphti) – Root: חרף (ḥaraf); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have defied”; Notes: Expresses past completed action.
5. אֶת־מַעַרְכֹ֥ות (ʾet-maʿarkhot) – Root: ערך (ʿarakh); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct with definite direct object marker; Translation: “the ranks of”; Notes: Refers to military formations.
6. יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the Israelite army.
7. הַיֹּ֣ום (ha-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “this day”; Notes: Indicates time.
8. הַזֶּ֑ה (ha-zeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Emphasizes the current day.
9. תְּנוּ־לִ֣י (tenu-li) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal imperative masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “Give me”; Notes: Direct command.
10. אִ֔ישׁ (ʾish) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Refers to a warrior.
11. וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֖ה (ve-nillaḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Nifal cohortative 1st person plural; Translation: “and we shall fight”; Notes: Expresses intent.
12. יָֽחַד (yaḥad) – Root: יחד (yaḥad); Form: Adverb; Translation: “together”; Notes: Emphasizes collective action.