וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף שָׁאוּל֙ בִּיהֹ֣ונָתָ֔ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לֹ֔ו בֶּֽן־נַעֲוַ֖ת הַמַּרְדּ֑וּת הֲלֹ֣וא יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־בֹחֵ֤ר אַתָּה֙ לְבֶן־יִשַׁ֔י לְבָ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔ וּלְבֹ֖שֶׁת עֶרְוַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ׃
And Shaʾul’s anger burned against Yehonatan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse, rebellious woman! Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Yishai to your own shame and to the shame of your mother’s nakedness?
Morphology
- וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף (vayyiḥar-af) – Root: חרה (ḥarah); Form: Wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular, Qal; Translation: “And his anger burned”; Notes: Describes Shaʾul’s intense rage.
- שָׁאוּל֙ (Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Shaʾul”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- בִּיהֹ֣ונָתָ֔ן (bi-Yehonatan) – Root: יהונתן (Yehonatan); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “against Yehonatan”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of Shaʾul’s anger.
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayyoʾmer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular, Qal; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- לֹ֔ו (lo) – Root: לו (lo); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Directs the speech to Yehonatan.
- בֶּֽן־נַעֲוַ֖ת (ben-naʿavat) – Root: נעוה (naʿavah); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “son of perversion”; Notes: A strong insult.
- הַמַּרְדּ֑וּת (ha-mardut) – Root: מרד (marad); Form: Noun, feminine singular definite; Translation: “rebellion”; Notes: Emphasizes treachery.
- הֲלֹ֣וא (halo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Interrogative particle + negative; Translation: “Do I not”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question.
- יָדַ֗עְתִּי (yadaʿti) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Perfect 1st person singular, Qal; Translation: “I know”; Notes: Asserts Shaʾul’s awareness.
- כִּֽי־בֹחֵ֤ר (ki-boḥer) – Root: בחר (baḥar); Form: Participle masculine singular, Qal; Translation: “that you have chosen”; Notes: Expresses Yehonatan’s loyalty.
- אַתָּה֙ (attah) – Root: אתה (attah); Form: Pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Emphasizes the subject.
- לְבֶן־יִשַׁ֔י (le-ven-Yishai) – Root: ישי (Yishai); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “the son of Yishai”; Notes: Refers to Dawid.
- לְבָ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔ (le-vashtkha) – Root: בוש (bosh); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to your shame”; Notes: Expresses disgrace.
- וּלְבֹ֖שֶׁת (ule-voshet) – Root: בוש (bosh); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “and to the shame”; Notes: Further intensifies the disgrace.
- עֶרְוַ֥ת (ʿervat) – Root: ערוה (ʿervah); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “nakedness”; Notes: A strong term for dishonor.
- אִמֶּֽךָ׃ (immecha) – Root: אם (ʾem); Form: Noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “of your mother”; Notes: An extreme insult.