1 Samuel 20:31

כִּ֣י כָל־הַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בֶּן־יִשַׁי֙ חַ֣י עַל־הָאֲדָמָ֔ה לֹ֥א תִכֹּ֖ון אַתָּ֣ה וּמַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁלַ֨ח וְקַ֤ח אֹתֹו֙ אֵלַ֔י כִּ֥י בֶן־מָ֖וֶת הֽוּא׃ ס

For as long as the son of Yishai lives on the earth, neither you nor your kingdom shall be established. Now, send and take him to me, for he is a son of death!”

 

Morphology

  1. כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces a reason or explanation.
  2. כָל־הַיָּמִ֗ים (kol-hayyamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with definite article; Translation: “all the days”; Notes: Refers to the entire duration of someone’s life.
  3. אֲשֶׁ֤ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
  4. בֶּן־יִשַׁי֙ (ben-Yishai) – Root: ישי (Yishai); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “the son of Yishai”; Notes: Refers to Dawid.
  5. חַ֣י (ḥai) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Participle, masculine singular, Qal; Translation: “lives”; Notes: Describes an ongoing state.
  6. עַל־הָאֲדָמָ֔ה (ʿal-haʾadamah) – Root: אדמה (ʾadamah); Form: Noun, feminine singular definite with preposition; Translation: “on the earth”; Notes: Specifies location.
  7. לֹ֥א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
  8. תִכֹּ֖ון (tikon) – Root: כון (kun); Form: Imperfect 2nd person masculine singular, Nifal; Translation: “shall be established”; Notes: Refers to stability and permanence.
  9. אַתָּ֣ה (attah) – Root: אתה (attah); Form: Pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Addresses Yehonatan.
  10. וּמַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ (umalḵutekha) – Root: מלכות (malḵut); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and your kingdom”; Notes: Refers to Yehonatan’s potential rule.
  11. וְעַתָּ֗ה (ve-ʿattah) – Root: עתה (ʿattah); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Now”; Notes: Indicates urgency.
  12. שְׁלַ֨ח (shelaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Imperative 2nd person masculine singular, Qal; Translation: “Send”; Notes: A command.
  13. וְקַ֤ח (ve-qaḥ) – Root: לקח (laqḥ); Form: Imperative 2nd person masculine singular, Qal; Translation: “and take”; Notes: A continuation of the command.
  14. אֹתֹו֙ (oto) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to Dawid.
  15. אֵלַ֔י (elai) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Specifies the recipient.
  16. כִּ֥י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces reason.
  17. בֶן־מָ֖וֶת (ben-mavet) – Root: מות (mavet); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “a son of death”; Notes: Means “deserving death.”
  18. הֽוּא׃ (hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he is”; Notes: Emphasizes Dawid’s sentence.

 

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