וַיָּ֧קָם יְהֹונָתָ֛ן מֵעִ֥ם הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן בָּחֳרִי־אָ֑ף וְלֹא־אָכַ֞ל בְּיֹום־הַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי֙ לֶ֔חֶם כִּ֤י נֶעְצַב֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד כִּ֥י הִכְלִמֹ֖ו אָבִֽיו׃ ס
And Yehonatan arose from the table in fierce anger, and he did not eat food on the second day of the new moon, for he was grieved for Dawid, because his father had shamed him.
Morphology
- וַיָּ֧קָם (vayyaqam) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular, Qal; Translation: “And he arose”; Notes: Indicates Yehonatan’s reaction.
- יְהֹונָתָ֛ן (Yehonatan) – Root: יהונתן (Yehonatan); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yehonatan”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- מֵעִ֥ם (me-ʿim) – Root: עם (ʿim); Form: Preposition; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates separation.
- הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן (ha-shulḥan) – Root: שלחן (shulḥan); Form: Noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the table”; Notes: Refers to the royal banquet table.
- בָּחֳרִי־אָ֑ף (baḥori-af) – Root: חרה (ḥarah); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “in fierce anger”; Notes: Describes Yehonatan’s emotional state.
- וְלֹא־אָכַ֞ל (ve-lo akhal) – Root: אכל (akhal); Form: Conjunction + perfect 3rd person masculine singular, Qal; Translation: “and he did not eat”; Notes: Expresses his grief.
- בְּיֹום־הַחֹ֤דֶשׁ (be-yom ha-ḥodesh) – Root: חדש (ḥodesh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with definite article; Translation: “on the day of the new moon”; Notes: Refers to the feast of Rosh Ḥodesh.
- הַשֵּׁנִי֙ (ha-sheni) – Root: שני (sheni); Form: Adjective, masculine singular definite; Translation: “the second”; Notes: Specifies the day.
- לֶ֔חֶם (leḥem) – Root: לחם (leḥem); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Represents food in general.
- כִּ֤י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason.
- נֶעְצַב֙ (neʿtsav) – Root: עצב (ʿatsav); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he was grieved”; Notes: Expresses deep sorrow.
- אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד (el-Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “for Dawid”; Notes: Indicates the cause of his sorrow.
- כִּ֥י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Provides further explanation.
- הִכְלִמֹ֖ו (hiklimo) – Root: כלם (kalam); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “he shamed him”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul’s treatment of Dawid.
- אָבִֽיו׃ (aviv) – Root: אב (av); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his father”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul.