1 Samuel 21:5 (1 Samuel 21:4)

וַיַּ֨עַן הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־דָּוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר אֵֽין־לֶ֥חֶם חֹ֖ל אֶל־תַּ֣חַת יָדִ֑י כִּֽי־אִם־לֶ֤חֶם קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ יֵ֔שׁ אִם־נִשְׁמְר֥וּ הַנְּעָרִ֖ים אַ֥ךְ מֵאִשָּֽׁה׃ פ

And the priest answered Dawid and said, “There is no common bread under my hand, but there is holy bread—if the young men have indeed kept themselves from a woman.”

Morphology

1. וַיַּ֨עַן (vayyaʿan) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he answered”; Notes: Narrative verb.
2. הַכֹּהֵ֤ן (ha-kōhēn) – Root: כהן (kōhēn); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “the priest”; Notes: Refers to Aḥimelekh.
3. אֶת־דָּוִד֙ (ʾet-Dāwid) – Root: דוד (Dāwid); Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Marks Dawid as the object.
4. וַיֹּ֔אמֶר (vayyōmer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Continuation of the narrative.
5. אֵֽין־לֶ֥חֶם (ʾēyn-leḥem) – Root: אין (ʾēyn) + לחם (leḥem); Form: Negative existential particle + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “There is no bread”; Notes: Indicates lack of common bread.
6. חֹ֖ל (ḥōl) – Root: חל (ḥōl); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “common”; Notes: Opposed to sacred.
7. אֶל־תַּ֣חַת יָדִ֑י (ʾel-taḥat yādī) – Root: תחת (taḥat) + יד (yād); Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “under my hand”; Notes: Expresses possession.
8. כִּֽי־אִם (kī-ʾim) – Root: כי (kī) + אם (ʾim); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “but”; Notes: Restricts the previous statement.
9. לֶ֤חֶם קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ (leḥem qōdesh) – Root: לחם (leḥem) + קדש (qōdesh); Form: Noun, masculine singular + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “holy bread”; Notes: Refers to the consecrated bread.
10. יֵ֔שׁ (yēsh) – Root: יש (yēsh); Form: Existential particle; Translation: “there is”; Notes: Indicates existence.
11. אִם־נִשְׁמְר֥וּ (ʾim-nishmerū) – Root: שמר (shāmar); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “if they have been kept”; Notes: Passive construction.
12. הַנְּעָרִ֖ים (ha-neʿārīm) – Root: נער (naʿar); Form: Noun, masculine plural, definite; Translation: “the young men”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s men.
13. אַ֥ךְ (ʾakh) – Root: אך (ʾakh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “indeed”; Notes: Emphasizes restriction.
14. מֵאִשָּֽׁה׃ (me-ʾishshāh) – Root: אשה (ʾishshāh); Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular; Translation: “from a woman”; Notes: Indicates abstinence from women.