וַיִּתֶּן־לֹ֥ו הַכֹּהֵ֖ן קֹ֑דֶשׁ כִּי֩ לֹא־הָ֨יָה שָׁ֜ם לֶ֗חֶם כִּֽי־אִם־לֶ֤חֶם הַפָּנִים֙ הַמּֽוּסָרִים֙ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לָשׂוּם֙ לֶ֣חֶם חֹ֔ם בְּיֹ֖ום הִלָּקְחֹֽו׃
And the priest gave him holy bread, for there was no bread there except the bread of the Presence, which had been removed from before YHWH, to place hot bread on the day it was taken away.
Morphology
- וַיִּתֶּן־לֹ֥ו (vayyitten-lō) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “And he gave him”; Notes: Narrative verb with a direct object.
- הַכֹּהֵ֖ן (ha-kōhēn) – Root: כהן (kōhēn); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “the priest”; Notes: Refers to Aḥimelekh.
- קֹ֑דֶשׁ (qōdesh) – Root: קדש (qōdesh); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “holy bread”; Notes: Refers to sacred bread.
- כִּי֩ (kī) – Root: כי (kī); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces reason.
- לֹא־הָ֨יָה (lō-hāyāh) – Root: היה (hāyāh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “there was not”; Notes: Denotes non-existence.
- שָׁ֜ם (shām) – Root: שם (shām); Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Indicates location.
- לֶ֗חֶם (leḥem) – Root: לחם (leḥem); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Direct object of the negation.
- כִּֽי־אִם (kī-ʾim) – Root: כי (kī) + אם (ʾim); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “except”; Notes: Introduces an exception.
- לֶ֤חֶם הַפָּנִים֙ (leḥem ha-pānīm) – Root: לחם (leḥem) + פנים (pānīm); Form: Noun, masculine singular + plural noun in construct, definite; Translation: “the bread of the Presence”; Notes: Refers to the showbread placed before YHWH.
- הַמּֽוּסָרִים֙ (ha-mūsārīm) – Root: מסר (māsar); Form: Nifal participle masculine plural, definite; Translation: “which had been removed”; Notes: Passive participle describing the bread.
- מִלִּפְנֵ֣י (mil-lifnē) – Root: לפני (lifnē); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “from before”; Notes: Indicates position.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the LORD.
- לָשׂוּם֙ (lāśūm) – Root: שׂים (śīm); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to place”; Notes: Expresses purpose.
- לֶ֣חֶם חֹ֔ם (leḥem ḥōm) – Root: לחם (leḥem) + חם (ḥōm); Form: Noun, masculine singular + adjective; Translation: “hot bread”; Notes: Describes the replacement bread.
- בְּיֹ֖ום (bəyōm) – Root: יום (yōm); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: Temporal reference.
- הִלָּקְחֹֽו׃ (hillāqḥō) – Root: לקח (lāqaḥ); Form: Nifal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “it was taken away”; Notes: Refers to the removal of the old bread.