וְעַתָּ֣ה שָׁמַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י גֹזְזִ֖ים לָ֑ךְ עַתָּ֗ה הָרֹעִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֙ הָי֣וּ עִמָּ֔נוּ לֹ֣א הֶכְלַמְנ֗וּם וְלֹֽא־נִפְקַ֤ד לָהֶם֙ מְא֔וּמָה כָּל־יְמֵ֖י הֱיֹותָ֥ם בַּכַּרְמֶֽל׃
And now I have heard that you have shearers. Now your shepherds who were with us, we did not shame them, nor was anything missing from them all the days they were in Karmel.
Morphology
- וְעַתָּ֣ה (ve-ʿattah) – Root: עתה (ʿattah); Form: Adverb; Translation: “And now”; Notes: Introduces a new statement.
- שָׁמַ֔עְתִּי (shamaʿti) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have heard”; Notes: Dawid referring to the news he received.
- כִּ֥י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the reported information.
- גֹזְזִ֖ים (gozezim) – Root: גזז (gazaz); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “shearers”; Notes: Describes the ongoing activity.
- לָ֑ךְ (lakh) – Root: לך (lakh); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Indicates possession.
- עַתָּ֗ה (ʿattah) – Root: עתה (ʿattah); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Now”; Notes: Emphasizes a current situation.
- הָרֹעִ֤ים (ha-roʿim) – Root: רעה (raʿah); Form: Qal participle masculine plural, definite; Translation: “the shepherds”; Notes: Refers to Naval’s workers.
- אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֙ (ʾasher-lekha) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun + preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “who are yours”; Notes: Describes possession.
- הָי֣וּ (hayu) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “were”; Notes: Refers to past presence.
- עִמָּ֔נוּ (ʿimmanu) – Root: עם (ʿim); Form: Preposition with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “with us”; Notes: Indicates companionship.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- הֶכְלַמְנ֗וּם (hekhlamnum) – Root: כלם (kalam); Form: Hifil perfect 1st person plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “we did not shame them”; Notes: Indicates respectful treatment.
- וְלֹֽא־נִפְקַ֤ד (ve-lo-nifqad) – Root: פקד (paqad); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “nor was missing”; Notes: Passive form indicating lack of loss.
- לָהֶם֙ (lahem) – Root: ל (le) + הם (hem); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “for them”; Notes: Refers to the shepherds.
- מְא֔וּמָה (meʾumah) – Root: מאום (meʾum); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “anything”; Notes: Refers to loss.
- כָּל־יְמֵ֖י (kol-yemei) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “all the days”; Notes: Refers to the duration of time.
- הֱיֹותָ֥ם (heyotam) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “of their being”; Notes: Expresses the continuous state.
- בַּכַּרְמֶֽל (ba-Karmel) – Root: כרמל (Karmel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “in Karmel”; Notes: Specifies the location.