1 Samuel 8:1

וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר זָקֵ֖ן שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל וַיָּ֧שֶׂם אֶת־בָּנָ֛יו שֹׁפְטִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

And it happened, when Shemuʾel was old, that he appointed his sons as judges over Yisraʾel.

Morphology

1. וַיְהִ֕י (vayehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it happened”; Notes: Introduces a temporal event.
2. כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר (kaʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “when”; Notes: Introduces a time clause.
3. זָקֵ֖ן (zaqen) – Root: זקן (zaqen); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was old”; Notes: Describes Shemuʾel’s advanced age.
4. שְׁמוּאֵ֑ל (Shemuʾel) – Root: שמואל (Shemuʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shemuʾel”; Notes: The prophet Samuel.
5. וַיָּ֧שֶׂם (vayyasem) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “that he appointed”; Notes: Denotes action of placing.
6. אֶת־בָּנָ֛יו (et-banav) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his sons”; Notes: Direct object of “appointed.”
7. שֹׁפְטִ֖ים (shofetim) – Root: שפט (shafat); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “judges”; Notes: Role assigned to his sons.
8. לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל (le-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun with preposition; Translation: “over Yisraʾel”; Notes: Indicates the people they judged.