עַ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֗וּ בְּקֹול֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙ אֶת־בְּרִיתֹ֔ו אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ וְלֹ֥א עָשֽׂוּ׃ פ
Because they did not listen to the voice of YHWH their God, and they transgressed His covenant, everything that Moshe the servant of YHWH had commanded; and they did not listen and they did not do.
Morphology
- עַ֣ל (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “because of”; Notes: Introduces the cause or reason.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause explaining the offense.
- לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֗וּ (lo-shamʿu) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they did not listen”; Notes: Refers to disobedience to divine command.
- בְּקֹול֙ (be-qol) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Preposition בְּ + masculine singular noun in construct; Translation: “to the voice of”; Notes: Standard idiom for heeding authority.
- יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of God.
- אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם (ʾEloheihem) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Construct plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their God”; Notes: Specifies their relationship to YHWH.
- וַיַּעַבְרוּ֙ (va-yaʿavru) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they transgressed”; Notes: Common verb for covenant violation.
- אֶת־בְּרִיתֹ֔ו (et-berito) – Root: ברית (berit); Form: Accusative marker + construct noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His covenant”; Notes: Refers to the divine covenant with Yisraʾel.
- אֵ֚ת (et) – Root: —; Form: Accusative marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the following object (what was commanded).
- כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר (kol-ʾasher) – Root: כל (kol), אשר (ʾasher); Form: Construct noun + relative pronoun; Translation: “everything that”; Notes: Refers to totality of divine instruction.
- צִוָּ֔ה (tsivvah) – Root: צוה (tsavah); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he commanded”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s command through Moshe.
- מֹשֶׁ֖ה (Mosheh) – Root: משׁה (Mosheh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: The lawgiver and prophet.
- עֶ֣בֶד (ʿeved) – Root: עבד (ʿavad); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “servant of”; Notes: Honorific title of Moshe in relation to YHWH.
- יְהוָ֑ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
- וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ (ve-lo shamʿu) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they did not listen”; Notes: Reinforces their rejection.
- וְלֹ֥א עָשֽׂוּ (ve-lo ʿasu) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Conjunction + negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they did not do”; Notes: Emphasizes total disobedience.