וּבְאַרְבַּע֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה שָׁנָ֜ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֗ה עָלָ֞ה סַנְחֵרִ֤יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַ֣ל כָּל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻרֹ֖ות וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם׃
And in the fourteenth year of King Ḥizqiyya, Sancheriv king of Ashshur came up against all the fortified cities of Yehuda, and he seized them.
Morphology
- וּבְאַרְבַּע֩ (u-veʾarbaʿ) – Root: ארבע (ʾarbaʿ); Form: Conjunction + preposition + cardinal number feminine; Translation: “and in the four”; Notes: Part of a compound number modifying “years.”
- עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה (ʿesreh) – Root: עשר (ʿeser); Form: Cardinal number feminine; Translation: “ten”; Notes: Completes the compound “fourteen.”
- שָׁנָ֜ה (shanah) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “year”; Notes: Unit of time indicating regnal year.
- לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ (la-melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “of the king”; Notes: Indicates the reign of the king as a temporal reference.
- חִזְקִיָּ֗ה (Ḥizqiyyah) – Root: חזק (ḥazaq); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥizqiyyah”; Notes: Refers to the king of Yehudah.
- עָלָ֞ה (ʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “came up”; Notes: Standard term for military campaigns or invasions.
- סַנְחֵרִ֤יב (Sancheriv) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Sancheriv”; Notes: The Assyrian king Sennacherib.
- מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ (melekh-Ashshur) – Root: מלך, אשׁור; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “king of Ashshur”; Notes: Refers to the Assyrian empire.
- עַ֣ל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: Indicates the target of attack.
- כָּל־עָרֵ֧י (kol-ʿarei) – Root: כל, עיר; Form: Construct noun + construct plural noun feminine; Translation: “all the cities of”; Notes: Introduces the geographical scope of the attack.
- יְהוּדָ֛ה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom of Judah.
- הַבְּצֻרֹ֖ות (ha-betsurot) – Root: בצר; Form: Definite noun feminine plural (passive participle); Translation: “the fortified”; Notes: Describes the defensive status of the cities.
- וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם (va-yitpesem) – Root: תפשׂ (tafas); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and he seized them”; Notes: Refers to the military conquest of the cities.