וְהִגְלָ֣ה אֶת־כָּל־֠יְרוּשָׁלִַם וְֽאֶת־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֞ים וְאֵ֣ת כָּל־גִּבֹּורֵ֣י הַחַ֗יִל עֲשֶׂרה אֲלָפִים֙ גֹּולֶ֔ה וְכָל־הֶחָרָ֖שׁ וְהַמַּסְגֵּ֑ר לֹ֣א נִשְׁאַ֔ר זוּלַ֖ת דַּלַּ֥ת עַם־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
And he exiled all Yerushalayim, and all the officials, and all the mighty men of valor, ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen and the smiths; none remained except the poorest of the people of the land.
Morphology
- וְהִגְלָ֣ה (ve-higlah) – Root: גלה; Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he exiled”; Notes: Refers to the deportation by the king of Bavel.
- אֶת־כָּל־יְרוּשָׁלִַם (et-kol-Yerushalayim) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Direct object marker + noun in construct + proper noun; Translation: “all Yerushalayim”; Notes: Emphasizes total deportation of the capital’s population.
- וְאֶת־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִים (ve-et-kol-ha-sarim) – Root: שר; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + noun masculine plural definite; Translation: “and all the officials”; Notes: Refers to the ruling or administrative elite.
- וְאֵת כָּל־גִּבֹּורֵי הַחַיִל (ve-et kol-gibboerei ha-ḥayil) – Root: גבר + חיל; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + construct phrase; Translation: “and all the mighty men of valor”; Notes: Refers to elite warriors or military leaders.
- עֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים (ʿaseret alafim) – Root: עשר + אלף; Form: Numeral construct; Translation: “ten thousand”; Notes: Specifies the number of deportees.
- גֹּולֶה (goleh) – Root: גלה; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “exile”; Notes: Used here collectively for the exiled population.
- וְכָל־הֶחָרָשׁ (ve-khol-he-ḥarash) – Root: חרש; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular with article; Translation: “and all the craftsmen”; Notes: Skilled workers essential for city and temple maintenance.
- וְהַמַּסְגֵּר (ve-ha-masger) – Root: סגר; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular definite; Translation: “and the smith”; Notes: Possibly metalworkers or armorers.
- לֹא נִשְׁאַר (lo nishʾar) – Root: שאר; Form: Negative particle + Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “none remained”; Notes: Emphasizes the totality of the exile.
- זוּלַת (zulat) – Root: זול; Form: Preposition functioning as exception particle; Translation: “except”; Notes: Marks what was left behind.
- דַּלַּת (dallat) – Root: דלל; Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “the poor of”; Notes: Refers to the economically or socially low class.
- עַם־הָאָרֶץ (ʿam-ha-aretz) – Root: עם + ארץ; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “the people of the land”; Notes: Refers to commoners, non-elite population left in the land.