וַֽיִּסְפְּדוּ֙ וַיִּבְכּ֔וּ וַיָּצֻ֖מוּ עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב עַל־שָׁא֞וּל וְעַל־יְהֹונָתָ֣ן בְּנֹ֗ו וְעַל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ וְעַל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֥י נָפְל֖וּ בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ ס
And they lamented and wept and fasted until evening for Shaʾul and for Yehonatan his son and for the people of YHWH and for the house of Yisraʾel, because they had fallen by the sword.
Morphology
- וַֽיִּסְפְּדוּ֙ (vayispeḏu) – Root: ספד; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they lamented”; Notes: Expresses mourning.
- וַיִּבְכּ֔וּ (vayyivku) – Root: בכה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they wept”; Notes: Indicates intense sorrow.
- וַיָּצֻ֖מוּ (vayyatzumu) – Root: צום; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they fasted”; Notes: A sign of mourning.
- עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב (ʿad-haʿarev) – Root: ערב; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “until evening”; Notes: Marks the duration of their fasting.
- עַל־שָׁא֞וּל (ʿal-Shaʾul) – Root: שׁאל; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “for Shaʾul”; Notes: Specifies the object of mourning.
- וְעַל־יְהֹונָתָ֣ן (ve-ʿal-Yehonatan) – Root: נתן; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and for Yehonatan”; Notes: Adds another recipient of mourning.
- בְּנֹ֗ו (bno) – Root: בן; Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his son”; Notes: Indicates the relation to Shaʾul.
- וְעַל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ (ve-ʿal-ʿam YHWH) – Root: עם; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular construct with divine name; Translation: “and for the people of YHWH”; Notes: Extends mourning to the nation.
- וְעַל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (ve-ʿal-beit Yisraʾel) – Root: בית; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular construct with proper noun; Translation: “and for the house of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation.
- כִּ֥י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for mourning.
- נָפְל֖וּ (noflu) – Root: נפל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they had fallen”; Notes: Describes their fate.
- בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ (baḥerev) – Root: חרב; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “by the sword”; Notes: Indicates the manner of their death.