2 Samuel 21:21

וַיְחָרֵ֖ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּכֵּ֨הוּ֙ יְהֹ֣ונָתָ֔ן בֶּן־שֶׂמעי אֲחִ֥י דָוִֽד׃

And he taunted Yisraʾel, and Yehonatan son of Shimʿi, brother of Dawid, struck him down.

Morphology

1. וַיְחָרֵף (vayəḥaref) – Root: חרף (ḥaraf); Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he taunted”; Notes: Indicates verbal abuse or defiance, likely blasphemous or mocking in a military context.
2. אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל (et-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Direct object marker + proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the nation or army of Yisraʾel as the object of the taunt.
3. וַיַּכֵּהוּ (vayyakkehu) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and he struck him”; Notes: Describes the killing blow in response to the provocation.
4. יְהֹונָתָן (Yehonatan) – Root: יהונתן (Yehonatan); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehonatan”; Notes: Not to be confused with Saul’s son; this is a different Yehonatan.
5. בֶּן־שֶׂמעי (ben-Shimʿi) – Root: בן (ben), שמע (Shimʿi); Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Shimʿi”; Notes: Provides the patronymic lineage of this Yehonatan.
6. אֲחִי דָוִד (ʾaḥi-Dawid) – Root: אח (ʾaḥ); Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “brother of Dawid”; Notes: Identifies Yehonatan as a brother of King Dawid.