וַאֲבִישַׁ֞י אֲחִ֣י יֹואָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה ה֚וּא רֹ֣אשׁ הַשְּׁלֹשִׁי וְהוּא֙ עֹורֵ֣ר אֶת־חֲנִיתֹ֔ו עַל־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵאֹ֖ות חָלָ֑ל וְלֹו־שֵׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁלֹשָֽׁה׃
And Avishai, the brother of Yoʾav, son of Tseruya, he was chief of the three, and he lifted his spear against three hundred slain, and he had a name among the three.
Morphology
- וַאֲבִישַׁי (va-Avishai) – Root: –; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “And Avishai”; Notes: Subject of the sentence.
- אֲחִי (ʾaḥi) – Root: אח; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “brother of”; Notes: In construct with the name Yoʾav.
- יֹואָב (Yoʾav) – Root: –; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yoʾav”; Notes: Chief commander under Dawid.
- בֶּן־צְרוּיָה (ben-Tseruyah) – Root: –; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “son of Tseruyah”; Notes: Tseruyah was the sister of Dawid.
- הוּא (hu) – Form: Pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “he”; Notes: Emphasizes subject identity.
- רֹאשׁ (roʾsh) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “chief” or “head”; Notes: Describes Avishai’s leadership role.
- הַשְּׁלֹשִׁי (ha-sheloshi) – Root: שלש; Form: Definite ordinal masculine singular; Translation: “of the three”; Notes: Likely referring to a secondary group of three heroes.
- וְהוּא (ve-hu) – Form: Conjunction + pronoun; Translation: “and he”; Notes: Begins a new verbal clause.
- עֹורֵר (ʿorer) – Root: עור; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “lifted” or “brandished”; Notes: Used poetically to describe raising a weapon.
- אֶת־חֲנִיתֹו (et-ḥanitto) – Root: חנית; Form: Definite direct object + noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his spear”; Notes: The object of his action.
- עַל־שְׁלֹשׁ (ʿal-shelosh) – Root: שלש; Form: Preposition + numeral masculine plural; Translation: “against three”; Notes: Introduces the number of enemies slain.
- מֵאֹות (meʾot) – Root: מא; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “hundreds”; Notes: In construct with the number three, “three hundred.”
- חָלָל (ḥalal) – Root: חלל; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “slain”; Notes: Refers to enemy casualties.
- וְלֹו (ve-lo) – Form: Conjunction + preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and to him”; Notes: Introduces the clause about his reputation.
- שֵׁם (shem) – Root: שם; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “name” or “reputation”; Notes: Implies honor or fame.
- בַּשְּׁלֹשָׁה (ba-sheloshah) – Root: שלש; Form: Preposition + definite numeral masculine plural; Translation: “among the three”; Notes: Refers again to the group of elite warriors.