וַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ עֲרָ֔ד וְהֽוּא־יֹשֵׁ֥ב בַּנֶּ֖גֶב בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן בְּבֹ֖א בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And the Kenaʿani, king of ʿArad, who lived in the Negev in the land of Kenaʿan, heard of the coming of the children of Yisraʾel.
Morphology
- וַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע (va-yishmaʿ) – Root: שמע (shmʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And he heard”; Notes: Indicates an action performed in the narrative past.
- הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ (ha-Kenaʿani) – Root: כנע (knʿ); Form: Definite article with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the Kenaʿani”; Notes: Refers to the Canaanite people.
- מֶ֣לֶךְ (melekh) – Root: מלך (mlk); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “king”; Notes: Denotes a ruler.
- עֲרָ֔ד (Arad) – Root: ערד (ʿrd); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Arad”; Notes: Refers to a specific location.
- וְהֽוּא־יֹשֵׁ֥ב (ve-hu yoshev) – Root: ישב (yshv); Form: Conjunction with pronoun and Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and he was dwelling”; Notes: Indicates the state of residing.
- בַּנֶּ֖גֶב (ba-Negev) – Root: נגב (ngv); Form: Definite article with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “in the Negev”; Notes: Refers to a southern desert region.
- בְּאֶ֣רֶץ (be-ʾeretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾrṣ); Form: Preposition with noun, feminine singular; Translation: “in the land”; Notes: Indicates location.
- כְּנָ֑עַן (Kenaʿan) – Root: כנע (knʿ); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Kenaʿan”; Notes: Refers to the land of Canaan.
- בְּבֹ֖א (be-vo) – Root: בוא (bʾ); Form: Preposition with infinitive construct; Translation: “at the coming”; Notes: Refers to an event of arrival.
- בְּנֵ֥י (bene) – Root: בן (bn); Form: Construct noun, masculine plural; Translation: “the children of”; Notes: Indicates descendants.
- יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (yśrʾl); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the people of Israel.