הַעִידֹתִי֩ בָכֶ֨ם הַיֹּ֜ום אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ כִּֽי־אָבֹ֣ד תֹּאבֵדוּן֮ מַהֵר֒ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ לֹֽא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן יָמִים֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֥י הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן׃
I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you today, that you will surely perish quickly from the land which you are crossing the Yarden to possess; you will not prolong your days on it, for you will surely be destroyed.
Morphology
- הַעִידֹתִי֩ (haʿidotī) – Root: עוד (ʿud); Form: Hifil perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I call as a witness”; Notes: Refers to a formal testimony or declaration.
- בָכֶ֨ם (vakhem) – Root: ב (b) + כם (khem); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “against you”; Notes: Indicates the audience being addressed.
- הַיֹּ֜ום (hayyom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Definite article with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “today”; Notes: Refers to the present time.
- אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם (ʾet-ha-shamayim) – Root: שמים (shamayim); Form: Direct object marker with definite article and noun, masculine plural; Translation: “heaven”; Notes: Refers to the celestial realm.
- וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ (ve-ʾet-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾaretz); Form: Conjunction with direct object marker, definite article, and noun, feminine singular; Translation: “and earth”; Notes: Refers to the physical land.
- כִּֽי־אָבֹ֣ד (ki-ʾavod) – Root: אבד (ʾavad); Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “surely perish”; Notes: Emphasizes the certainty of destruction.
- תֹּאבֵדוּן֮ (toʾvedun) – Root: אבד (ʾavad); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you will perish”; Notes: Refers to complete ruin or destruction.
- מַהֵר֒ (maher) – Root: מהר (mahar); Form: Adverb; Translation: “quickly”; Notes: Refers to the speed of the event.
- מֵעַ֣ל (meʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with prefix; Translation: “from upon”; Notes: Indicates removal from a location.
- הָאָ֔רֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾaretz); Form: Definite article with noun, feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers to the Promised Land.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- אַתֶּ֜ם (atem) – Root: אתם (ʾatem); Form: Pronoun, 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
- עֹבְרִ֧ים (ʿovrim) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “are crossing”; Notes: Refers to the action of crossing over.
- אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן (ʾet-ha-yarden) – Root: ירדן (yarden); Form: Direct object marker with proper noun; Translation: “the Yarden”; Notes: Refers to the Jordan River.
- שָׁ֖מָּה (shamah) – Root: שם (sham); Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Refers to a specific location.
- לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ (le-rishtah) – Root: ירש (yarash); Form: Preposition with infinitive construct and 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to possess it”; Notes: Refers to taking ownership.
- לֹֽא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן (lo-taʾarikhun) – Root: ארך (ʾarak); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you will not prolong”; Notes: Refers to the duration of time.
- יָמִים֙ (yamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “days”; Notes: Refers to a span of time.
- עָלֶ֔יהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “on it”; Notes: Refers to the land.
- כִּ֥י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces a reason.
- הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד (hishamed) – Root: שמד (shamad); Form: Nifal infinitive absolute; Translation: “surely destroyed”; Notes: Indicates certainty of destruction.
- תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן (tishamedun) – Root: שמד (shamad); Form: Nifal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you will be destroyed”; Notes: Refers to complete annihilation.