וַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י אֶת־שְׁנֵי֙ לוּחֹ֣ת הָֽאֲבָנִ֔ים כְּתֻבִ֖ים בְּאֶצְבַּ֣ע אֱלֹהִ֑ים וַעֲלֵיהֶ֗ם כְּֽכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֡ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה עִמָּכֶ֥ם בָּהָ֛ר מִתֹּ֥וךְ הָאֵ֖שׁ בְּיֹ֥ום הַקָּהָֽל׃
And YHWH gave me the two tablets of stone, written with the finger of God, and on them were all the words that YHWH spoke with you on the mountain out of the midst of the fire on the day of assembly.
Morphology
- וַיִּתֵּ֨ן (vayitten) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive; Translation: “And He gave”; Notes: Refers to YHWH giving the tablets.
- יְהוָ֜ה (YHWH) – Root: Divine Name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- אֵלַ֗י (elai) – Root: אל (el); Form: Preposition + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Indicates direct communication to Moses.
- אֶת־שְׁנֵי֙ (et-shenei) – Root: שׁנים (shnayim); Form: Definite direct object marker + masculine dual noun; Translation: “the two”; Notes: Refers to the two tablets.
- לוּחֹ֣ת (luchot) – Root: לוח (luach); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “tablets”; Notes: Specifies the medium of the covenant.
- הָֽאֲבָנִ֔ים (ha’avanim) – Root: אבן (even); Form: Definite article + noun feminine plural; Translation: “of stone”; Notes: Describes the material of the tablets.
- כְּתֻבִ֖ים (ketuvim) – Root: כתב (katav); Form: Qal passive participle masculine plural; Translation: “written”; Notes: Indicates the divine authorship.
- בְּאֶצְבַּ֣ע (be’etsba) – Root: אצבע (etsba); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “with the finger”; Notes: Symbolic of divine writing.
- אֱלֹהִ֑ים (Elohim) – Root: אלה (elah); Form: Proper noun masculine plural; Translation: “God”; Notes: Refers to the divine author.
- וַעֲלֵיהֶ֗ם (va’aleihem) – Root: על (al); Form: Conjunction + preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and on them”; Notes: Indicates the location of the words.
- כְּֽכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֡ים (kechol-hadvarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Preposition + adjective + definite article + noun masculine plural; Translation: “all the words”; Notes: Refers to the content of the covenant.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: Relative pronoun; Form: Independent particle; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause.
- דִּבֶּר֩ (diber) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “spoke”; Notes: Refers to YHWH speaking to Israel.
- יְהוָ֨ה (YHWH) – Root: Divine Name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- עִמָּכֶ֥ם (immakhem) – Root: עם (im); Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “with you”; Notes: Denotes the audience of the divine speech.
- בָּהָ֛ר (bahar) – Root: הר (har); Form: Preposition + definite noun; Translation: “on the mountain”; Notes: Specifies the location of the event.
- מִתֹּ֥וךְ (mitoch) – Root: תוך (toch); Form: Preposition; Translation: “out of the midst”; Notes: Describes the origin of YHWH’s voice.
- הָאֵ֖שׁ (ha’esh) – Root: אש (esh); Form: Definite article + noun feminine singular; Translation: “of the fire”; Notes: Indicates the fiery manifestation of God’s presence.
- בְּיֹ֥ום (beyom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: Refers to a specific day of revelation.
- הַקָּהָֽל׃ (haqahal) – Root: קהל (qahal); Form: Definite article + noun masculine singular; Translation: “of assembly”; Notes: Describes the gathering of Israel at Sinai.