אַ֣ךְ אֶת־זֶ֞ה לֹ֤א תֹֽאכְלוּ֙ מִמַּֽעֲלֵ֣י הַגֵּרָ֔ה וּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֥י הַפַּרְסָ֖ה הַשְּׁסוּעָ֑ה אֶֽת־֠הַגָּמָל וְאֶת־הָאַרְנֶ֨בֶת וְאֶת־הַשָּׁפָ֜ן כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֧ה גֵרָ֣ה הֵ֗מָּה וּפַרְסָה֙ לֹ֣א הִפְרִ֔יסוּ טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם׃
But these you shall not eat among those that chew the cud or those that have split hooves: the camel, the hare, and the rock badger, because they chew the cud but do not split the hoof—they are unclean for you.
Morphology
- אַ֣ךְ (ʾakh) – Root: אך (ʾakh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “but”; Notes: Introduces an exception or limitation.
- אֶת־זֶ֞ה (ʾet-zeh) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Direct object marker with demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Refers to the specific animals mentioned.
- לֹ֤א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denotes prohibition.
- תֹֽאכְלוּ֙ (toʾkhelu) – Root: אכל (ʾakal); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall eat”; Notes: Prohibitive context.
- מִמַּֽעֲלֵ֣י (mi-maʿalei) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Preposition with participle, masculine plural construct; Translation: “among those that chew”; Notes: Refers to animals that chew the cud.
- הַגֵּרָ֔ה (ha-gerah) – Root: גר (gar); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the cud”; Notes: Refers to partially digested food.
- וּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֥י (u-mi-mafrisei) – Root: פרס (paras); Form: Conjunction with participle, masculine plural construct; Translation: “or among those that split”; Notes: Refers to animals with split hooves.
- הַפַּרְסָ֖ה (ha-parsah) – Root: פרס (paras); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the hoof”; Notes: Refers to the hard covering of an animal’s foot.
- הַשְּׁסוּעָ֑ה (ha-shesuaʿah) – Root: שסע (shasa); Form: Participle, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “divided”; Notes: Describes a hoof split into two parts.
- אֶֽת־הַגָּמָל (ʾet-ha-gamal) – Root: גמל (gamal); Form: Direct object marker with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the camel”; Notes: Identifies the camel as unclean.
- וְאֶת־הָאַרְנֶ֨בֶת (ve-ʾet-ha-ʾarnevet) – Root: ארנבת (ʾarnevet); Form: Direct object marker with noun, feminine singular; Translation: “the hare”; Notes: Refers to a rabbit-like animal.
- וְאֶת־הַשָּׁפָ֜ן (ve-ʾet-ha-shafan) – Root: שפן (shafan); Form: Direct object marker with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the rock badger”; Notes: Refers to a small, rabbit-like animal found in rocky areas.
- כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֧ה (ki-maʿaleh) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Conjunction with participle, masculine singular; Translation: “because it chews”; Notes: Provides the reason for classification.
- גֵרָ֣ה (gerah) – Root: גר (gar); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “cud”; Notes: Refers to regurgitated food.
- הֵ֗מָּה (hemmah) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Refers to the animals listed.
- וּפַרְסָה֙ (u-parsah) – Root: פרס (paras); Form: Conjunction with noun, feminine singular; Translation: “and a hoof”; Notes: Refers to the physical feature.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denotes negation.
- הִפְרִ֔יסוּ (hifrissu) – Root: פרס (paras); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they split”; Notes: Denotes an action not performed.
- טְמֵאִ֥ים (tmeʾim) – Root: טמא (tama); Form: Adjective, masculine plural; Translation: “unclean”; Notes: Describes their status under the law.
- הֵ֖ם (hem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Refers to the mentioned animals.
- לָכֶֽם (lakhem) – Root: לכם (lakhem); Form: Preposition with pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Indicates applicability to Israel.