וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֞ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ אַתָּ֨ה וּבִנְךָ֣ וּבִתֶּךָ֮ וְעַבְדְּךָ֣ וַאֲמָתֶךָ֒ וְהַלֵּוִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ וְהַגֵּ֛ר וְהַיָּתֹ֥ום וְהָאַלְמָנָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבֶּ֑ךָ בַּמָּקֹ֗ום אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִבְחַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן שְׁמֹ֖ו שָֽׁם׃
And you shall rejoice before YHWH your God, you, your son, your daughter, your male servant, your female servant, the Levite who is within your gates, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow who are in your midst, in the place which YHWH your God chooses to establish His name there.
Morphology
- וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֞ (ve-samakhta) – Root: שמח (samach); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “And you shall rejoice”; Notes: Refers to the command to celebrate joyfully.
- לִפְנֵ֣י (lifnei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates presence or position before YHWH.
- יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine name of God.
- אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ (Elohekha) – Root: אלה (ʾeloh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Refers to the deity of the audience.
- אַתָּ֨ה (atta) – Root: את (ʾatt); Form: Pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers to the individual being addressed.
- וּבִנְךָ֣ (u-vinkha) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Conjunction with noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and your son”; Notes: Includes the son in the celebration.
- וּבִתֶּךָ֮ (u-vittekha) – Root: בת (bat); Form: Conjunction with noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and your daughter”; Notes: Includes the daughter in the celebration.
- וְעַבְדְּךָ֣ (ve-ʿavdekha) – Root: עבד (ʿeved); Form: Conjunction with noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and your male servant”; Notes: Includes male servants in the rejoicing.
- וַאֲמָתֶךָ֒ (va-amatkha) – Root: אמה (ʾamah); Form: Conjunction with noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and your female servant”; Notes: Includes female servants in the celebration.
- וְהַלֵּוִי֙ (ve-ha-Levi) – Root: לוי (Levi); Form: Conjunction with proper noun; Translation: “and the Levite”; Notes: Includes the Levites, who serve in religious roles.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Refers to those within the gates.
- בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ (bi-sheʿarekha) – Root: שער (shaʿar); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “within your gates”; Notes: Refers to those living within the community.
- וְהַגֵּ֛ר (ve-ha-ger) – Root: גור (gur); Form: Conjunction with noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “and the stranger”; Notes: Includes non-Israelites living among the people.
- וְהַיָּתֹ֥ום (ve-ha-yatom) – Root: יתם (yatom); Form: Conjunction with noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “and the fatherless”; Notes: Refers to orphans who are to be included.
- וְהָאַלְמָנָ֖ה (ve-ha-almanah) – Root: אלמן (alman); Form: Conjunction with noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “and the widow”; Notes: Refers to widows, emphasizing care for the vulnerable.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Refers to the vulnerable groups included in the celebration.
- בְּקִרְבֶּ֑ךָ (be-qirbekha) – Root: קרב (qarav); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in your midst”; Notes: Indicates those dwelling among the people.
- בַּמָּקֹ֗ום (ba-maqom) – Root: מקום (maqom); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the place”; Notes: Refers to the designated location for worship.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- יִבְחַר֙ (yivḥar) – Root: בחר (baḥar); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He chooses”; Notes: Refers to divine selection by YHWH.
- יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine name of God.
- אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ (Elohekha) – Root: אלה (ʾeloh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Refers to the deity of the audience.
- לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן (le-shakken) – Root: שכן (shakan); Form: Piel infinitive construct; Translation: “to establish”; Notes: Refers to causing His name to dwell.
- שְׁמֹ֖ו (shem-o) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His name”; Notes: Refers to God’s presence or authority.
- שָֽׁם׃ (sham) – Root: שם (sham); Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Specifies the location of action.