Joshua 19:38

וְיִרְאֹון֙ וּמִגְדַּל־אֵ֔ל חֳרֵ֥ם וּבֵית־עֲנָ֖ת וּבֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ עָרִ֥ים תְּשַֽׁע־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃

And Yirʾon, and Migdal-ʾEl, Ḥorem, and Beit-ʿAnat, and Beit-Shemesh—nineteen cities and their villages.

Morphology

1. וְיִרְאֹון֙ (ve-Yirʾon) – Root: ירא (yrʾ); Form: Proper noun with conjunction; Translation: “And Yirʾon”; Notes: A city name, possibly derived from “fear” or “awe.”
2. וּמִגְדַּל־אֵ֔ל (u-Migdal-ʾEl) – Root: מגדל (mgdl), אל (ʾl); Form: Compound proper noun with conjunction; Translation: “And Migdal-ʾEl”; Notes: Meaning “Tower of God,” indicating a fortified or significant religious site.
3. חֳרֵ֥ם (Ḥorem) – Root: חרם (ḥrm); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥorem”; Notes: A city in Naftali’s territory.
4. וּבֵית־עֲנָ֖ת (u-Beit-ʿAnat) – Root: בית (byt), ענת (ʿnt); Form: Construct noun with conjunction; Translation: “And Beit-ʿAnat”; Notes: Meaning “House of ʿAnat,” possibly linked to the Canaanite goddess ʿAnat.
5. וּבֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ (u-Beit-Shemesh) – Root: בית (byt), שמש (šmš); Form: Construct noun with conjunction; Translation: “And Beit-Shemesh”; Notes: Meaning “House of the Sun,” suggesting solar worship.
6. עָרִ֥ים (ʿarim) – Root: עיר (ʿyr); Form: Noun, feminine plural; Translation: “Cities”; Notes: Referring to multiple urban settlements.
7. תְּשַֽׁע־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה (tēshaʿ-ʿesrēh) – Root: תשע (tšʿ), עשר (ʿśr); Form: Cardinal number; Translation: “Nineteen”; Notes: Numerical reference to the number of cities.
8. וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ (ve-ḥaṣreihen) – Root: חצר (ḥṣr); Form: Noun, plural construct with 3rd person feminine plural suffix; Translation: “And their villages”; Notes: Refers to the smaller settlements surrounding the cities.