כֹּה־יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים לְאֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֑יף אִם־אַשְׁאִ֧יר מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֛ו עַד־הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר׃
Thus may God do to the enemies of Dawid, and thus may He add, if I leave of all that belongs to him by morning even one who urinates against the wall.”
Morphology
- כֹּה־יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה (koh-yaʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “Thus may He do”; Notes: Common oath formula.
- אֱלֹהִ֛ים (Elohim) – Root: אלהים (Elohim); Form: Noun, masculine plural (treated as singular); Translation: “Elohim”; Notes: Refers to God.
- לְאֹיְבֵ֥י (le-oyvei) – Root: אויב (oyev); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “to the enemies of”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s adversaries.
- דָוִ֖ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the statement.
- וְכֹ֣ה (ve-koh) – Root: כה (koh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “and thus”; Notes: Parallel repetition for emphasis.
- יֹסִ֑יף (yosif) – Root: יסף (yasaf); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “may He add”; Notes: Strengthens the oath.
- אִם־אַשְׁאִ֧יר (im-ashʾir) – Root: שאר (shaʾar); Form: Hifil imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “if I leave”; Notes: Expresses a conditional threat.
- מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֛ו (mi-kol-asher-lo) – Root: כל (kol), אשר (asher), לו (lo); Form: Preposition + noun construct + relative pronoun + pronoun 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “of all that belongs to him”; Notes: Refers to Naval’s possessions.
- עַד־הַבֹּ֖קֶר (ʿad-ha-boqer) – Root: בקר (boqer); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “by morning”; Notes: Time limit for the action.
- מַשְׁתִּ֥ין (mashtin) – Root: שׁתן (shatan); Form: Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “one who urinates”; Notes: Euphemism for males.
- בְּקִֽיר (be-qir) – Root: קיר (qir); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “against the wall”; Notes: Common idiom for males.