כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֗ות צֹ֣ום הָרְבִיעִ֡י וְצֹ֣ום הַחֲמִישִׁי֩ וְצֹ֨ום הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י וְצֹ֣ום הָעֲשִׂירִ֗י יִהְיֶ֤ה לְבֵית־יְהוּדָה֙ לְשָׂשֹׂ֣ון וּלְשִׂמְחָ֔ה וּֽלְמֹעֲדִ֖ים טֹובִ֑ים וְהָאֱמֶ֥ת וְהַשָּׁלֹ֖ום אֱהָֽבוּ׃ פ
“Thus said YHWH of Hosts: ‘The fast of the fourth, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth shall be for the house of Yehuda for joy and for gladness and for good appointed times, and the truth and the peace love.’
Morphology
- כֹּה־ (koh) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Introduces a formal prophetic proclamation.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Standard verb of divine speech.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Emphasizes universal sovereignty.
- צֹום (tsom) – Root: צום (tsum); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “the fast of”; Notes: Introduces a specific commemorative fast.
- הָרְבִיעִי (ha-reviʿi) – Root: רבע (ravaʿ); Form: Definite ordinal adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the fourth”; Notes: Refers to the fourth month.
- וְצֹום (ve-tsom) – Root: צום (tsum); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and the fast of”; Notes: Continues the list of fasts.
- הַחֲמִישִׁי (ha-ḥamishi) – Root: חמשׁ (ḥamesh); Form: Definite ordinal adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the fifth”; Notes: Refers to the fifth month.
- וְצֹום (ve-tsom) – Root: צום (tsum); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and the fast of”; Notes: Continues the enumeration.
- הַשְּׁבִיעִי (ha-sheviʿi) – Root: שׁבע (shevaʿ); Form: Definite ordinal adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the seventh”; Notes: Refers to the seventh month.
- וְצֹום (ve-tsom) – Root: צום (tsum); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and the fast of”; Notes: Final fast in the list.
- הָעֲשִׂירִי (ha-ʿasiri) – Root: עשר (ʿeser); Form: Definite ordinal adjective masculine singular; Translation: “the tenth”; Notes: Refers to the tenth month.
- יִהְיֶה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: Predictive future.
- לְבֵית־ (le-beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “for the house of”; Notes: Marks the beneficiary.
- יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: The southern covenant community.
- לְשָׂשֹׂון (le-sason) – Root: שׂושׂ (sus); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for joy”; Notes: Emotional reversal of mourning.
- וּלְשִׂמְחָה (u-le-simḥah) – Root: שׂמח (sameaḥ); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and for gladness”; Notes: Heightened rejoicing.
- וּלְמֹעֲדִים (u-le-moʿadim) – Root: יעד (yaʿad); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition לְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and for appointed times”; Notes: Cultic festivals.
- טֹובִים (tovim) – Root: טוב (tov); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “good”; Notes: Qualifies the appointed times.
- וְהָאֱמֶת (ve-ha-ʾemet) – Root: אמן (ʾaman); Form: Conjunction וְ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the truth”; Notes: Ethical requirement accompanying ritual change.
- וְהַשָּׁלֹום (ve-ha-shalom) – Root: שלם (shalem); Form: Conjunction וְ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the peace”; Notes: Wholeness and communal well-being.
- אֱהָבוּ (ʾehavu) – Root: אהב (ʾahav); Form: Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “love”; Notes: Climactic ethical command.