2 Kings 3:1

וִיהֹורָ֣ם בֶּן־אַחְאָ֗ב מָלַ֤ךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְרֹ֔ון בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁמֹנֶ֣ה עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לִיהֹושָׁפָ֖ט מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָֽה׃

And Yehoram son of Aḥʾav reigned over Yisraʾel in Shomeron in the eighteenth year of Yehoshafat king of Yehuda, and he reigned twelve years.

Morphology

1. וִיהֹורָ֣ם (Vi-Yehoram) – Root: יהורם; Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “And Yehoram”; Notes: Refers to the son of Aḥʾav, king in the northern kingdom.
2. בֶּן־אַחְאָ֗ב (ben-Aḥʾav) – Root: בן + אחאב; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Aḥʾav”; Notes: Identifies his royal lineage.
3. מָלַ֤ךְ (malakh) – Root: מלך (malakh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “reigned”; Notes: Marks the beginning of his reign.
4. עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ (ʿal-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “over Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the northern kingdom.
5. בְּשֹׁ֣מְרֹ֔ון (be-Shomeron) – Root: שמרון; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Shomeron”; Notes: Capital city of Yisraʾel.
6. בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁמֹנֶ֣ה עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה (bishnat shemoneh esreh) – Root: שנה + שמונה + עשר; Form: Preposition + construct noun + numeral; Translation: “in the eighteenth year”; Notes: Specifies the synchronism with Yehoshafat’s reign.
7. לִיהֹושָׁפָ֖ט (li-Yehoshafat) – Root: יהושפט; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “of Yehoshafat”; Notes: King of Yehudah during the southern reign.
8. מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה (melekh Yehudah) – Root: מלך + יהודה; Form: Noun + proper noun; Translation: “king of Yehudah”; Notes: Specifies the ruler of the southern kingdom.
9. וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ (va-yimlokh) – Root: מלך (malakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he reigned”; Notes: Continuation of the narrative detail.
10. שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה (shteim-esreh) – Root: שנים + עשר; Form: Numeral feminine; Translation: “twelve”; Notes: Modifies “years.”
11. שָׁנָֽה (shanah) – Root: שנה; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “year”; Notes: Total duration of Yehoram’s reign.