מַה־לַּעֲשֹׂ֥ות עֹוד֙ לְכַרְמִ֔י וְלֹ֥א עָשִׂ֖יתִי בֹּ֑ו מַדּ֧וּעַ קִוֵּ֛יתִי לַעֲשֹׂ֥ות עֲנָבִ֖ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּאֻשִֽׁים׃
What more was there to do for My vineyard that I have not done in it? Why did I hope for it to produce grapes, and it produced wild grapes?
Morphology
- מַה־לַּעֲשֹׂ֥ות (mah-laʿasot) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Interrogative מַה + preposition לְ + infinitive construct; Translation: “What [is there] to do”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question expressing frustration or astonishment.
- עֹוד (ʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “more” or “still”; Notes: Intensifies the question, suggesting completeness.
- לְכַרְמִי (le-karmi) – Root: כרם (kerem); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular with 1st person common singular suffix; Translation: “for My vineyard”; Notes: Refers to the metaphorical vineyard (Yisraʾel).
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Connects with the following verb in a negative construction.
- עָשִׂיתִי (ʿasiti) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I have done”; Notes: Expresses completed action by the speaker (YHWH).
- בֹּו (bo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Preposition בְּ + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in it”; Notes: Refers to the vineyard.
- מַדּוּעַ (madduaʿ) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “Why”; Notes: Introduces a question regarding expected outcome vs. result.
- קִוֵּיתִי (qivviti) – Root: קוה (qavah); Form: Piel perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I hoped”; Notes: Intensive form expressing strong expectation.
- לַעֲשֹׂות (laʿasot) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition לְ; Translation: “to produce” or “to make”; Notes: Indicates intended result.
- עֲנָבִים (ʿanavim) – Root: ענב (ʿanav); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “grapes”; Notes: Desired fruit of the vineyard.
- וַיַּעַשׂ (va-yaʿas) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it produced”; Notes: Indicates the unexpected or disappointing outcome.
- בְּאֻשִׁים (beʾushim) – Root: באשׁ (baʾash); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “wild grapes”; Notes: Sour or worthless fruit symbolizing moral failure or corruption.