Isaiah 7:25

וְכֹ֣ל הֶהָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּמַּעְדֵּר֙ יֵעָ֣דֵר֔וּן לֹֽא־תָבֹ֣וא שָׁ֔מָּה יִרְאַ֖ת שָׁמִ֣יר וָשָׁ֑יִת וְהָיָה֙ לְמִשְׁלַ֣ח שֹׁ֔ור וּלְמִרְמַ֖ס שֶֽׂה׃ פ

And all the hills that were hoed with the hoe—you shall not come there, for fear of brier and thorn; and it shall be for sending forth of oxen and for the treading of sheep.

Morphology

1. וְכֹ֣ל (ve-kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and all of”; Notes: Introduces the subject of the clause—“all the hills.”
2. הֶהָרִ֗ים (he-harim) – Root: הר (har); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the hills”; Notes: Refers to formerly cultivated highlands.
3. אֲשֶׁ֤ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate descriptive clause.
4. בַּמַּעְדֵּר֙ (ba-maʿder) – Root: מעד (ʿdr, assumed related root of “hoe”); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “with the hoe”; Notes: Instrument used for tilling the land.
5. יֵעָ֣דֵר֔וּן (yeʿaderun) – Root: עדר (ʿadar); Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they were hoed”; Notes: Passive form indicating past agricultural activity.
6. לֹֽא־תָבֹ֣וא (lo-tavo) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Negative particle + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall not come”; Notes: Statement of restriction or consequence.
7. שָׁ֔מָּה (shammah) – Root: שם (sham); Form: Adverb of place; Translation: “there”; Notes: Refers to the overrun hills.
8. יִרְאַ֖ת (yirat) – Root: ירא (yaraʾ); Form: Construct noun feminine singular; Translation: “fear of”; Notes: Introduces the reason for not approaching.
9. שָׁמִ֣יר (shamir) – Root: שמיר (shamir); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “brier”; Notes: Symbolic of overgrowth and abandonment.
10. וָשָׁ֑יִת (va-shayit) – Root: שית (shayit); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and thorn”; Notes: Common prophetic imagery for desolate land.
11. וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (haya); Form: Qal perfect with vav-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Introduces the result of abandonment.
12. לְמִשְׁלַ֣ח (le-mishlaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for the sending forth”; Notes: Designates use for pasture or wandering animals.
13. שֹׁ֔ור (shor) – Root: שור (shor); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “ox”; Notes: Domestic cattle—will now roam freely.
14. וּלְמִרְמַ֖ס (u-le-mirmas) – Root: רמס (ramas); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and for the treading”; Notes: Indicates trampling of what was once cultivated land.
15. שֶֽׂה (seh) – Root: שׂה (seh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sheep”; Notes: Represents the grazing animals now inhabiting ruined lands.