יַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ עָשׂ֨וּ נְבָלָ֜ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיְנַֽאֲפוּ֙ אֶת־נְשֵׁ֣י רֵֽעֵיהֶ֔ם וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ דָבָ֤ר בִּשְׁמִי֙ שֶׁ֔קֶר אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א צִוִּיתִ֑ם וְאָנֹכִ֛י הוֹ יָדַ֥עְתִּי וָעֵ֖ד נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃
Because they have done disgrace in Yisraʾel and have committed adultery with the wives of their companions and have spoken a word in My name falsely, which I did not command them, and I am He who has known and am witness,” declares YHWH.
Morphology
- יַ֡עַן (yaʿan) – Root: יען; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for judgment.
- אֲשֶׁר֩ (asher) – Root: Particle; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Links cause to its explanation.
- עָשׂ֨וּ (ʿasu) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have done”; Notes: Completed action.
- נְבָלָ֜ה (nevalah) – Root: נבל; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “disgrace”; Notes: Often denotes moral outrage or shameful act.
- בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל (beYisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Yisraʾel”; Notes: Geographic and covenant identity reference.
- וַיְנַֽאֲפוּ֙ (vayenaʾafu) – Root: נאף; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (waw-consecutive) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they committed adultery”; Notes: Sequential action after the disgrace mentioned.
- אֶת־נְשֵׁ֣י (et-neshei) – Root: אשה; Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “the wives of”; Notes: Indicates direct object.
- רֵֽעֵיהֶ֔ם (reʿehem) – Root: רע; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their companions”; Notes: Denotes social or community peers.
- וַיְדַבְּר֨וּ (vayedabberu) – Root: דבר; Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they spoke”; Notes: Piel intensifies the verbal act.
- דָבָ֤ר (davar) – Root: דבר; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a word”; Notes: Refers to spoken message or statement.
- בִּשְׁמִי֙ (bishmi) – Root: שם; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “in My name”; Notes: Indicates claimed divine authority.
- שֶׁ֔קֶר (sheqer) – Root: שׁקר; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “falsehood”; Notes: Qualifies the preceding statement.
- אֲשֶׁ֖ר (asher) – Root: Particle; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Relates the false speech to divine command.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: Particle; Form: Negative adverb; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates divine commission.
- צִוִּיתִ֑ם (tsivvitim) – Root: צוה; Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “I commanded you”; Notes: Explicit denial of divine authorization.
- וְאָנֹכִ֛י (veʾanokhi) – Root: Pronoun; Form: Independent personal pronoun; Translation: “and I”; Notes: Adds emphatic subject reference.
- הוֹ (ho) – Root: Possibly enclitic pronoun particle; Form: Unusual orthography; Translation: “[emphatic particle]”; Notes: Likely intensifying divine self-reference.
- יָדַ֥עְתִּי (yadaʿti) – Root: ידע; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have known”; Notes: Denotes full awareness.
- וָעֵ֖ד (vaʿed) – Root: עוד; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and I am witness”; Notes: Testifies to the truth of His knowledge.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: Prophetic affirmation of divine authority.