וְנֶאֱסַ֨ף שִׂמְחָ֤ה וָגִיל֙ מִן־הַכַּרְמֶ֔ל וּבַכְּרָמִ֥ים לֹֽא־יְרֻנָּ֖ן לֹ֣א יְרֹעָ֑ע יַ֗יִן בַּיְקָבִ֛ים לֹֽא־יִדְרֹ֥ךְ הַדֹּרֵ֖ךְ הֵידָ֥ד הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃
And joy and gladness are taken away from the fruitful field, and in the vineyards there shall be no singing, no shouting; wine in the winepresses no treader shall tread; shouting I have made to cease.
Morphology
- וְנֶאֱסַף (ve-neʾesaf) – Root: אסף (ʾasaf); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and is taken away”; Notes: Refers to the removal or end of joy.
- שִׂמְחָה (simḥah) – Root: שׂמח (samach); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “joy”; Notes: Often associated with harvest celebrations.
- וָגִיל (va-gil) – Root: גיל (gil); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “and gladness”; Notes: Parallel to שִׂמְחָה, intensifies the emotional loss.
- מִן־הַכַּרְמֶל (min-ha-karmel) – Root: כרמל (karmel); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “from the fruitful field”; Notes: Refers to rich agricultural land.
- וּבַכְּרָמִים (u-va-keramim) – Root: כרם (kerem); Form: Conjunction + preposition + plural noun masculine; Translation: “and in the vineyards”; Notes: Places associated with harvest and festivity.
- לֹא־יְרֻנָּן (lo-yerunnan) – Root: רנן (ranan); Form: Pual imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall not sing”; Notes: Singing during harvest is halted.
- לֹא־יְרֹעָע (lo-yeroʿaʿ) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Pual imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall not shout”; Notes: No joyful noise or celebration.
- יַיִן (yayin) – Root: יין (yayin); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wine”; Notes: Product of the vineyard, now absent.
- בַּיְקָבִים (ba-yeqavim) – Root: יקב (yeqev); Form: Preposition + plural noun masculine with definite article; Translation: “in the winepresses”; Notes: Places where grapes were pressed.
- לֹא־יִדְרֹךְ (lo-yidrokh) – Root: דרך (darakh); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “no one shall tread”; Notes: Grapes are no longer being pressed.
- הַדֹּרֵךְ (ha-dorekh) – Root: דרך (darakh); Form: Qal participle masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the treader”; Notes: One who treads grapes to make wine.
- הֵידָד (heidad) – Root: ידד (yadad); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “shouting”; Notes: Joyful noise during vintage or battle, now removed.
- הִשְׁבַּתִּי (hishbati) – Root: שׁבת (shavat); Form: Hifil perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I have made to cease”; Notes: Indicates divine intervention or judgment halting festivity.